雅思考试 | 历史真题帮你搞定雅思写作3大高频话题 - 环境篇-新东方前途出国

个人是否能解决环境问题

Some think that environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve, while others think the problems cannot solve unless individuals take some actions. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

题目解读：

这篇大作文是属于环境类的题目，提问方式属于双方讨论的类型，主要内容是有些人认为环境问题太大以至于个人不能解决，然而其他人认为除非个人采取行动，否则环境问题不能被解决。这个题目可以写两个主体段，每段两个论点。

正方观点：个人不能解决

原因1： 一些全球性的环境问题例如全球气候变暧会影响全世界，它们并不能由个人来解决。

It is true that some environmental issues like global warming affect the whole world and cannot be tackled by individuals.

原因2： 政府应该制定和执行相关的政策去解决特定的环境问题，然而普通人并没有权力去实现这个目标。

The governments should regulate and implement relevant policies to address specific environment-related problems, while common people do not have the mandatory power to achieve this goal.

反方观点：个人可以解决

原因1：人们应该通过举办一些相关的讲座和活动来主动提高大众的环保意识。

Individuals should take the initiative to raise the public awareness of environmental conservation by holding some relevant lectures and activities.

原因2： 普通人有责任通过把自己不环保的生活习惯改变为低碳生活来保护环境。

Ordinary people can shoulder the responsibility to preserve the environment by shifting their environmental-damaging living habits to leading a low-carbon lifestyle.

issue  问题

tackle  解决

implement 执行

mandatory 有强制力的

global warming 全球气候变暧

achieve a goal 实现目标

take initiative  主动

raise awareness  提高意识

shoulder the responsibility 肩负责任

补充词汇

give priority to … 优先考虑…

take public transport 乘坐公共交通

be confronted with 面临着

domestic waste sorting  生活垃圾分类

sort the daily garbage 日常垃圾分类

recycling the cans 回收罐子

is crucial to 至关重要的

at the expense of = at the cost of  以… 为代价

take stringent measures to  

采取严厉的措施去做某事

disposable chopsticks  一次性筷子

plastic bags and rubbish 塑料袋和垃圾

气候变化的利与弊

Some people think that climate change is a good thing as it can be used to make money, while others believe that it is bad. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

题目解读：

题目讨论气候变化是个好事还是坏事。一般情况下，我们都认为气候变化是个坏事，但是题目设计者另辟蹊径提出了“气候变化可以帮助商人赚钱“。所以这个话题我们既要说到气候变化的积极之处也要说出这个现象所带来的坏处。权衡利弊后，我们再来提出自己的看法。

正方：气候变化是好事

很多商人利用气候变化赚取丰厚利润是不可争辩的事实。

It is irrefutable that myriads of merchants reap a hefty profit by launching new inventions to help individuals to cater for climate change.

反方：气候变化是坏事

原因1：气候变化会给人们带来一系列的健康隐患，造成一些特定疾病的发病率增高。

Climate change has triggered a series of diseases, increasing the incidence of some specific illnesses.

原因2：反常的气候改变造成了极端天气，给人们带来灾难性的影响。

Climate-fueled extreme weather brings with an impending disasters for human beings.

原因3： 数据记录表明气候变化给地球的自然平衡带来了负面影响。

According to the statistics, this crisis has been adversely changing natural balance, jeopardising the eco-system.

irrefutable  adj. 无可争辩的

myriads of 许多，大量

hefty  adj. 数量巨大的

launch  v. 推出，发行

adversely  adv. 不利地

impending  adj. 即将到来的

disaster  n.灾难

补充词汇

upset the ecosystem 扰乱生态系统

ecological degradation 生态恶化

natural resources  自然资源

a recurring problem = a chronic problem  持续出现，持续存在的问题

redress ／ restore the ecological balance  恢复生态平衡

greenhouse effect  温室效应

global warming  全球变暖

release toxic gases 排放有毒气体

reduce exhaust emissions  减少废气排放

长途飞行的污染相当于汽车使用几年

你是否同意应当减少不必要飞行

但不限制汽车的使用

One long-distance flight consumes fuel which a car uses in several years’ time, but they cause the same amount of pollution. So, some people think that we should discourage non-essential flights, such as tourist travel, rather than to limit the use of cars. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

题目解读：

这个题目是一个同意与否的话题。话题中对于使用飞机的危害性分析非常清晰—“一次远距离的飞机旅行消耗的能源相当于一辆汽车几年的消耗量，但是造成的污染是一样的”，所以提出了一个问题“是否需要限制没有必要的空中航行而不是限制汽车的使用”。这个题目的正方立场非常明确，而且根据题目问题也给出了对应理由“污染一样，但能源消耗更大”，然而我们如果站在反方的立场则需要提出对应理由。

正方：应该限制没有必要的空中航行，不必禁止汽车的使用。

原因1：从能源消耗的角度出发，限制没有必要的空中航行可以减少能源消耗，延缓能源枯竭因为其一次使用的能源量相当于一辆汽车几年消耗的总量。

In consideration of energy consumption, restricting the use of long-haul air travel can make a cut down in this aspect as well as slow down the coming of fuel depletion because this transport consumes more fuels than cars do.

原因2：从污染的角度出发，限制没有必要的空中航行可以适当减轻污染，尤其是对空气的污染因为一次空中航行造成的污染和一辆汽车几年造成的污染量一样大。

From the perspective of environment, minimizing air flights can alleviate environmental contamination, especially air pollution, as they cause the same amount of damage as vehicles do in a few years.

反方：不应该限制没有必要的空中航行而是要禁止汽车的使用。

原因1：对比汽车和空中航行所消耗的能源量，飞机航班所使用的整体能源量和人均能源量都小于汽车，所以限制飞机旅行而不是限制汽车的使用非常荒谬。

Compared with the energy consumption by air flights and vehicles, the overall and average amounts used by the former outweigh both by the latter, so it is far-fetched and groundless to restrict the use of long-haul air travel rather than discouraging that of automobiles.

原因2：从环境角度出发，飞机的使用的确会造成环境问题，尤其是空气污染。但是汽车使用所造成的环境问题不局限于空气污染，而且还会造成噪音、光污染等问题。

Albeit air travel inevitably begets environmental problems, most notably, air contamination, the issues triggered by car using are no more than air pollution but noise pollution, light pollution and suchlike. Technically speaking, in order to reach the upkeep of environment, it is better to reduce the use of cars than to control that of so-called unnecessary flights strictly.  

long-haul     adj.   远距离的

depletion       n.    枯竭

contamination   n. 污染

outweigh         v. 超过

far-fetched       adj. 牵强的

groundless        adj. 无事实依据的

technically speaking    严格说来

upkeep             n. 保护

so-called           adj. 所谓的

环境的污染原因是国家的发展和富裕

且不可避免，你是否同意？

Some people think pollution and damage of environment are resulted from a country developing and becoming richer, and this is hard to be avoided. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

题目解读：

这篇大作文是属于环境类的题目，提问方式属于同意与否的类型，主要内容是有些人认为环境的污染和破坏的原因是国家的发展和富裕，这是很难避免的。这个题目可以写三个主体段，分别从同意或不同意的原因去回应题目。

同意的原因：

根据环境库兹茨曲线，一个国家的发展和繁荣在很大的程度上依赖于工业化的水平，不可避免地导致被污染和恶化的环境，因为越来越多的有毒化学物质从工业生产过程中被排放到土壤，空气和水中。

 According to Environmental Kuznets Curve, the development and prosperity of a nation rely on the level of its industrialization to a large extent, unavoidably leading to polluted and deteriorated environment because increasing toxic chemicals have been released into soil, air and water from industrial processes.

不同意的原因：

但是，国力的增强不一定必然导致环境的污染和破坏。随着能源技术的进步和应用，各种更环保的可再生能源被广泛应用在不同的领域，大大缓解了温室效应的负面影响。

However, the amelioration of national power may unnecessarily contribute to the contamination and destruction of the environment. With the advance and application of energy-related technology, a variety of renewable sources, which are more eco-friendly than fossil fuels, are widely harnessed in various fields, alleviating greatly the negative impact of greenhouse effect.

在减少水源的污染方面，政府可以主动去资助工业污水处理技术的应用来防止污水污染河流，湖泊和海洋，以便保证相关工业的可持续发展。

In terms of reducing water taint, the government can take the initiative to subsidize the utilization of industrial waste treatment technology to prevent the sewage from contaminating the river, lake and sea so as to ensure the sustainable development in relevant industries.

subsidize  资助

industrialization 工业化

eco-friendly 环保的

fossil fuel 化石能源

greenhouse effect 温室效应

car exhaust emissions 汽车尾汽排放

deterioration of environment 环境的恶化

take initiative to do sth. 主动做

sustainable development 可持续发展

补充词汇

an enduring solution 持久有效的解决方案

formulate policies  制定政策

severe depletion of natural resources  

自然资源的严重消耗

environmental sustainability  

环境的可持续性

consume the energies and resources 

消耗能源和资源

low-consumption and eco-friendliness 

低消耗和环保

various depletion of natural resources 

各种各样能源的消耗

energy crisis 能源危机

treasure natural resources 珍惜自然资源

exploit natural resources 开发自然资源

energy conservation 能源保护

environmental-friendly substitution/ alternatives 

生态友好型替代品

renewable energy 可再生能源

sustainable development 可持续发展

pursue short-term profits 追求短期利益

reduce the dependence on the traditional energy resources 减少对传统能源的依赖