Gender discrimination性别歧视
Some people believe that university students should pay all the cost of studies because university education only benefit the students themselves not the society as a whole. To what extent do you agree or disagree？
题目解读：这个话题是围绕“大学学费是否应该完全自费的角度”展开的，很妙的是题目中设置了一个对应原因“大学生是大学教育的其一受益者”，所以建议学生们在写作这个话题的时候要考虑题目立场设定的狭隘性，回答的时候尽可能不选择题目内容的持方。
正方： 大学生应该支付所有的学费因为他们是大学教育的其一受益者。
原因1：受过大学教育的人比没有接受过大学教育的人未来薪酬待遇更高，所以他们支付所有的教育费用是很合理的。
It is justifiable for university graduates to pay the full tuition because they can earn a higher salary than the less well-educated people.
原因2：受过大学教育的人比没有接受过大学教育的人未来就业机会更多，所以他们支付所有受教育费用也是正常的。
People who attend university usually benefit through greater opportunities; therefore, it is logical to expect them to fully fund their own education.
反方：大学生不应该支付所有的学费因为除了他们还有其他群体也受益于大学教育。
原因1：政府受益于大学教育远多过于学生本身，所以要求学生支付全部学费是很荒谬的。
It is absurd to place all the costs of higher education onto the students as the entire society gets more benefits than the education-receivers themselves.
原因2：不可否认，要求学生支付大学教育的所有费用会增加学生的经济负担，尤其是来自中低收入家庭无法支付学费的学生，这无法确保教育的公平性。
Unquestionably, due to high-cost of university education, selfsubsidised pattern probably imposes a heavily financial burden on the students, especially those coming from badly-off background; as a result of it, the fairer access to university education cannot be ensured.
原因3：要求学生支付大学教育费用可能导致学生不愿意去选择那些可能未来就业工资低的职业。
Requiring students to bear the cost of higher education may cause them to avoid courses that lead to less well-paid jobs.
相关词汇
Beneficiary n. 受益者
Self-funded education n. 自费教育
Deprive of v. 剥夺……(的机会)
Absurd adj. 荒谬可笑的
Justifiable adj. 无可非议的
Tuition/tuition fees n. 学费
Badly-off 贫困的=deprived=poverty-stricken=impoverished=penniless
Some people spend more time reading books, while others prefer to watch TV. The former groups are more likely to develop creative imaginations and have a much better grasp of language skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
题目解读：这题需要注意的是在审题的时候需要区分第一句话是事实，第二句话是观点；所以讨论的时候需要注意围绕着“The former groups are more likely to develop creative imaginations and have a much better grasp of language skills”，讨论的时候需要围绕着阅读是否更能锻炼想象力以及语言技能来展开；在展开论证的时候一定要突出二者之间的对比。我们在破题的时候先考虑“帮助发展想象力和语言能力的因素有哪些，这些因素和阅读还是和看电视有关。
正方：看书比看电视更能够发展读者的想象力。
原因1： 读书的时候，读者需要自行理解文段的意思，并想象图像;而看电视的时候观众能看到图像，所以没有必要去发挥想象力。
When perusing books, especially those including narrative texts, readers have to interpret the meaning of the words themselves and rely solely on their creativity to conjure the images; by contrast, when watching television, the images used to illustrate the meanings of words are shown on the screen, rendering the audience’s imagination unnecessary.
原因2：书本中使用的语言相对来说比较正式且多样化，而电视节目使用语言相对口语化一些，前者对人们的语言能力提升较为有效。
Compared with the written language in books, which comes with a higher register and covers a wide range of language usage, the language in television programmes is mostly less formal and is rather restricted in improving one’s language proficiency.
原因3：阅读能让读者专注于对文字的理解，这是提高语言能力的有效手段，而这一点恰好是看电视无法做到的。
Unlike watching television where audience’s attention is often diverted to the images and sounds, reading books allows readers to concentrate on the lexicon and grammar, and therefore helps them to better improve their mastery of language.
反方：看电视更容易激发观众的想象力和提升观众的语言能力。
原因1：看电视是从听说的角度出发，给观众进行语言的输入准备，这为之后的语言输出提供了丰富的素材和精确表达的基础，这一点书本无法提供。
Unlike reading books, watching television can provide the audience with sufficient listening and speaking materials, which may be stocked in their linguistic repertoires and can be used in giving precise description of one’s feelings or thoughts.
原因2： 对比书本提供的无声静态的世界，电视的特色即动作和声音同时刺激感官能吸引人们的注意力，从而发展他们的想象力。
Compared with the silent and static world that one has to imagine when perusing a book, the features of television-motions and soundscan stimulate different senses and attract people’s attention, and one’s ingenuity can be developed subsequently.
相关话题词汇：
Render 致使，使得
Stimulate 促进
Conjure 想象
Visualize 想象，把⋯视觉化
Register 语域
Accessible 容易接受的
Audience 观众
Money for postgraduate research is limited. Therefore, some people think financial support from governments should be only provided for scientific research of useful subjects rather than research for less useful subjects. Do you agree or disagree?
题目解读：这篇大作文是属于政府职能和教育相结合的题目，提问方式属于同意与否的类型，主要内容是政府应该把有限的研究生项目经费只分配给有用科目的科学研究上而不是在不那么有用的科目上。题目中出现了单词only，因此一般要对这个only进行反驳。这个题目可以写三个主体段，每段一个论点，不同意的方面写两段，同意的方面写 一个让步段。
同意：政府应该把有限的研究生项目经费只分配给有用科目的科学研究上。
原因： 必须承认的是科学和技术领域的成就已成为大部分国家经济发展的驱动力，因此在研究生项目对科学相关的研究资助应该被政府优先考虑。
Admittedly, the achievements in scientific and technological fields have become the driving forces of economic growth in most nations, and thus subsidy in science-related research in postgraduate programs should be prioritized by the authorities.
不同意：政府应该把有限的研究生项目经费分配给所有的科目，不仅限于科学的科目。
原因1：但是，政府对研究生科研的资助不应该只限于科学的科目，其它学科例如文学，哲学和艺术也应该被支持因为研究生教育的目的在于鼓励在不同领域的深入研究和创新。
However, the governmental funding in postgraduate research should not only be restricted to scientific subjects; instead, other majors such as literature, philosophy and art should also be subsidized, because the purpose of postgraduate education is to encourage intensive research and innovation in a wide range of fields.
原因2：研究生项目的不同学科都应该得到同样的财政支持，因为它们对人类的文明和进步作出了巨大的贡献。
Different subjects in postgraduate programs should be funded equally, as they can contribute greatly to the civilization and progress of human beings.
相关话题词汇：
subsidize 资助
fund 资金
prioritize 优先
authority 当局
driving force 驱动力
a wide range of 范围广
Today’s children are living under more pressure from the society than children in the past. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
题目解读：这篇大作文是属于教育类的题目，提问方式属于同意与否的类型，主要内容是现在的孩子比过去要承担更多的社会压力，因此论点的角度一定要紧扣来自社会的压力而不是孩子自身的压力。这个题目可以写三个主体段，每段一个论点，同意的方面写两段，不同意的方面写一个让步段。
同意：孩子们的确面临着比以前更大的压力。
原因1：不同于以前无忧无虑的孩子，现在的学生要承受越来越大的压力，因为他们要花更多的时间使自己的学术表现更加优秀来满足家长和老师对他们更高的期望。
Unlike those carefree children in the past, today’s students tend to study under growing pressure, as they have to spend more time on excelling in their academic performance in order to meet the higher expectations of parents and teachers.
原因2：当今的孩子被迫去掌握更多的社会技能，因为他们要全面发展才能在激烈的竞争中取得优势，然而以前的孩子会被鼓励在他们擅长的领域去培养兴趣。
Currently, children are forced to master a wider range of social skills, because they are supposed to become all-rounded so as to possess more competitive
edge in the fierce competitions, while youngsters in the past were encouraged to concentrate merely on kindling their interest in their favourite fields.
不同意：孩子们没有面临比以前更大的压力。
原因：相比于过去有限的教育资源，当今社会可以为下一代提供更多的选择去追求他们的目标，这在一定的程度上缓解了他们的压力。
Compared with the limited educational resources in the past, today’s society can offer more options for the next generations to pursue their goals, resulting in the alleviation of their stress to a certain extent.
相关话题词汇:
excel 突出
fierce 激烈的
all-rounded 全面发展的
academic performance 学术表现
social skill 社交技能
competitive edge 竞争优势
concentrate on 集中精力于
kindle one’s interest 激发兴趣
pursue one’s goal 追求目标
ease stress 缓解压力
to a certain extent 在一定的程度上
Some people think that teachers should be responsible for teaching students to judge what is right and wrong so that they can behave well. Others say that teachers should only teach students academic subjects. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
题目解读：这个题目属于教育类的话题，提问的方式为双边讨论，具体讨论的内容在于教师是应该负责教孩子如何明辨是非（思想品德教育）还是只教他们学术科目（正课）。在写作的时候需要从这两个角度回应这个题目。
正方：老师应该负责教孩子如何明辨是非。
原因1：教育的目的是使得孩子成为对社会有用的公民，对学生来说，了解知识很重要，了解获取知识的目的也很重要。知识如果使用不当的话会对社会造成危害。所以相应地教师也应该教孩子应该如何明辨是非。
It is often the case that knowledge of means can be used for a less noble end. For instance, the knowledge about marketing can be also applied in an unprincipled way, fraud. The purpose of education is to help children become active and able member of society, and for students, learning any field of knowledge or any professional endeavor should include acquiring the means and the ends of it. Therefore, teachers should shoulder the responsibility of teaching students of the values and moral codes accepted by the society.
原因2：老师有专门的教学技能，同时对对孩子的行为以及心理有专业知识， 能立刻指出孩子们的不当行为并帮助他们改正。
With their teaching skills and specialized knowledge about children’s psychology and behaviours, teachers can immediately identify and correct mischiefs of students in the process of teaching and guiding.
原因3: 有相当数量的家长忙于工作，无暇照顾孩子，而老师作为教育学生的重要一环，应该承担起教育孩子明辨是非的责任。
It is not uncommon to see that many parents are immersed in their works, and under such circumstance, teachers, who are recognized as the most indispensable person of children’s education other than their parents, should take the accountability of teaching children to differentiate right from wrong.
反方： 老师应该只教孩子学术科目。
原因1： 对于学术科目的教育非常重要，但是需要大量的时间，老师不一定有精力去教其它内容
While imparting students with comprehensive knowledge and practical techniques, which can help them improve their academic performance and lay a solid foundation for their future development, is acknowledged as the first priority of teachers, the teaching process can be time-consuming and demanding. In other words, if teachers are not required to teach students about morality, they can better concentrate on the teaching of academic subjects.
原因2： 老师可能不一定拥有德育所需的知识和技能，甚至有的老师本身品德
有问题，因而老师更需要专注于对学术科目的教学。
Teachers do not necessarily possess the skills and knowledge needed for the teaching of values and moral codes, and some teachers may even be flawed in their personality and traits, which suggests that they should be dedicated to the teaching of academic subjects.
话题词汇：
Moral codes：道德准则
Specialized knowledge：专业知识
Academic performance：学业表现
Be dedicated to致力于，专注于
Demanding 要求高的
Accountability 责任
Mischief 胡闹
Misconduct 坏事，不守规矩__
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