水信息学专业

Hydroinformaticsisabranchofinformaticswhichconcentratesontheapplicationofinformationandcommunicationstechnologies(ICTs)inaddressingtheincreasinglyseriousproblemsoftheequitableandefficientuseofwaterformanydifferentpurposes.Growingoutoftheearlierdisciplineofcomputationalhydraulics,thenumericalsimulationofwaterflowsandrelatedprocessesremainsamainstayofhydroinformatics,whichencouragesafocusnotonlyonthetechnologybutonitsapplicationinasocialcontext.Onthetechnicalside,inadditiontocomputationalhydraulics,hydroinformaticshasastronginterestintheuseoftechniquesoriginatingintheso-calledartificialintelligencecommunity,suchasartificialneuralnetworksorrecentlysupportvectormachinesandgeneticprogramming.Thesemightbeusedwithlargecollectionsofobserveddataforthepurposeofdataminingforknowledgediscovery,orwithdatageneratedfromanexisting,physicallybasedmodelinordertogenerateacomputationallyefficientemulatorofthatmodelforsomepurpose.Hydroinformaticsrecognisestheinherentlysocialnatureoftheproblemsofwatermanagementandofdecisionmakingprocesses,andstrivestounderstandthesocialprocessesbywhichtechnologiesarebroughtintouse.Sincetheproblemsofwatermanagementaremostsevereinthemajorityworld,whiletheresourcestoobtainanddeveloptechnologicalsolutionsareconcentratedinthehandsoftheminority,theneedtoexaminethesesocialprocessesareparticularlyacute.Hydroinformaticsdrawsonandintegrateshydraulics,hydrology,environmentalengineeringandmanyotherdisciplines.Itseesapplicationatallpointsinthewatercyclefromatmospheretoocean,andinartificialinterventionsinthatcyclesuchasurbandrainageandwatersupplysystems.Itprovidessupportfordecisionmakingatalllevelsfromgovernanceandpolicythroughmanagementtooperations.