哥伦比亚大学设计的数据可视化展示了大科技如何使用我们的数据-新东方前途出国

　　Whose Data Is it, Anyway? Read the Fine Print and You’ll Find Out 

　　到底是谁的数据？读一下精美的印刷品你就会发现 在线咨询

　　A Columbia-designed data visualization shows just how big tech uses our data.

　　哥伦比亚大学设计的数据可视化展示了大科技如何使用我们的数据。

　　November 5, 2019 Mapping Data Flows (41).jpg 

　　2019年11月5日映射数据流（41）.jpg

　　Senior Research Scholar John Batelle (right) was joined by researchers for a presentation on data mapping. Oil is no longer the number one commodity—data is.

　　资深研究学者约翰·贝特尔（右）与研究人员一起发表了一篇关于数据映射的演讲。石油不再是第一大大宗商品数据。 在线咨询

　　Should we be concerned, then, about today’s data oligarchs—Facebook, Amazon, Google and Apple—amassing insurmountable power? Should we apply antitrust laws that, in earlier ages, led to the breakup of monopolies like Standard Oil? In his new research project, Mapping Data Flows, serial entrepreneur and SIPA senior research scholar John Battelle considers what the future looks like for these giants and just how little control users have over their data.

　　那么，我们是否应该担心今天的数据寡头Facebook、亚马逊、谷歌和苹果积聚了不可逾越的力量？我们是否应该适用反垄断法，在早期导致像标准石油这样的垄断企业的解体？在他的新研究项目“绘制数据流图”中，串行企业家和SIPA高级研究学者John Battelle考虑了这些巨头的未来，以及用户对其数据的控制有多小。

　　Battelle shared the work of a team Columbia researchers at an event cosponsored by SIPA's Tech and Policy Initiative, Entrepreneurship and Public Policy Initiative, TMaC and Management specializations, along with the University’s Brown Institute for Media Innovation. The researchers—Zoe Martin MPA ’20, Natasha Bhuta MPA-DP ’20, and 2019 Journalism alumni Matthew Albasi and Veronica Penney—developed an interactive visualization that helps users understand how large technology companies collect, use, and share user information across the internet.

　　Battelle在由SIPA的技术和政策倡议、企业家精神和公共政策倡议、TMaC和管理专业以及大学布朗媒体创新研究所共同主办的活动中分享了哥伦比亚大学研究人员团队的工作。研究人员Zoe Martin MPA'20、Natasha Bhuta MPA-DP'20和2019年新闻校友Matthew Albasi和Veronica Penney开发了一种交互式可视化技术，帮助用户了解大型科技公司如何通过互联网收集、使用和共享用户信息。 在线咨询

　　The main question is something all of us are guilty of: Does anyone really read privacy policies or do we just scroll down the page and blindly click “accept” to move on?

　　最主要的问题是我们都犯了一个错误：是否有人真的阅读了隐私政策，或者我们只是向下滚动页面，盲目地点击“接受”继续前进？

　　“In a given year, the typical American—should they actually care to read and understand the privacy policy they mostly skip—would spend 76 days of that year reading,” Batelle said, adding that such documents can be confusing and often too complex for the average user to understand.

　　贝特尔说：“在特定的一年里，典型的美国人如果真的愿意阅读并理解他们通常忽略的隐私政策，他们会在一年中的76天时间里阅读这些文件。”他补充说，这些文件可能会令人困惑，而且往往太复杂，普通用户无法理解。

　　“They are incredibly vague,” Batelle said. “In fact, when Natasha [Bhuta] ran some of these terms of services through some advanced processing software for terms that use the conditional tense, some of them actually hit 60 percent of words that could be interpreted conditionally.”

　　“他们非常模糊，”贝特尔说。“事实上，当娜塔莎（Bhuta）通过一些高级处理软件对使用条件时态的术语运行其中一些服务条款时，其中一些服务条款实际上达到了可以有条件解释的单词的60%。”

　　The project’s aim is to provide awareness to enable a conversation on generating public policy options for the future.

　　该项目的目的是提供认识，使人们能够就制定未来的公共政策选择进行对话。 在线咨询

　　Asked Battelle: “Could we create a way of understanding a governance structure that wasn’t just tens of thousands of words of text?”

　　巴特尔问道：“我们能否创造一种理解治理结构的方式，而不仅仅是数万字的文本？”

　　Martin’s case study, Say No Evil, but Keep Your Options Open, focused on Apple’s terms in contrast to their messaging on protecting user data.

　　马丁的案例研究，说不出坏话，但保持你的选择开放，重点放在苹果的条款，而不是他们的信息保护用户数据。

　　Apple “may collect, use, transfer, and disclose nonpersonal data for any purpose,” Martin said. “That’s basically everything you do on or with your phone, just with your name and phone number cut out. They can basically use it for whatever they want.

　　马丁说，苹果“可能出于任何目的收集、使用、传输和披露非个人数据”。“这基本上就是你在手机上做的所有事情，只不过把你的名字和电话号码删掉了。他们基本上可以随心所欲地使用它。

　　“They can use personal data to create, develop, operate, and deliver and improve their products, services, content, and advertising; which is also pretty much everything that they can do with your data,” Martin added.

　　马丁还说：“他们可以使用个人数据来创建、开发、运营、交付和改进他们的产品、服务、内容和广告；这也是他们可以用你的数据做的几乎所有事情。”。 在线咨询

　　Penny manipulated the data visual tool to show how maximizing your Facebook privacy settings changes its effectiveness. To the crowd’s amusement, there was no noticeable difference.

　　竹篙操纵数据可视化工具，以显示如何最大限度地提高您的脸谱网隐私设置改变其有效性。使群众感到好笑的是，没有明显的差别。

　　“They are general protections around [personally identifiable information] and Facebook says they won't share personally identifiable information with any outside company for any reason but it still leaves a lot of data up for grabs,” Penny said.

　　彭妮说：“它们是针对（个人身份信息）的一般保护措施，Facebook表示，它们不会以任何理由与任何外部公司共享个人身份信息，但仍有大量数据有待掌握。”。

　　Your personal news is now an announcement on Facebook to companies, whether you post it or not.

　　你的个人新闻现在是在Facebook上向公司发布的，不管你是否发布。

　　“It could tell a company like Target whether or not you are pregnant,” she continued. “That non-personal identifiable information, at least with Facebook, you can’t control it. It can get through no matter what. They pretty much know everything about you.”

　　她接着说：“它可以告诉像塔吉特这样的公司你是否怀孕了。”。“那些非个人身份信息，至少在Facebook上，你无法控制。不管怎样都能通过。他们几乎知道你的一切。”

　　Despite this grim reality, Battelle charged SIPA students with finding the policy solution that balances regulation and simultaneously empowers users. He even offered a hint.

　　尽管这是一个严峻的现实，巴特尔还是责成SIPA的学生找到平衡监管和同时赋予用户权力的政策解决方案。他甚至提供了一个暗示。 在线咨询

　　“An elegant one-line piece of regulation with about 5,000 supporting pages but the one line is, ‘machine readable data portability,’ that's it,” he said.

　　他说：“这是一个优雅的单行规则，大约有5000个支持页面，但其中一行是‘机器可读数据可移植性’。”。

　　Nestled in the demonstration of the website was the irony of the day. Juan Francisco Saldarriaga, of the Brown Institute for Media Innovation, walked the room through the data visualization tool and acknowledged that project relies on Google Analytics to collect data on its site users.

　　在网站的展示中依偎着的是当时的讽刺。布朗媒体创新研究所（brown institute for media Innovation）的胡安•弗朗西斯科•萨尔达里亚加（Juan Francisco saldariaga）在房间里浏览了数据可视化工具，并承认该项目依靠谷歌分析来收集网站用户的数据。

　　“We are helping Google gather data about you, he said. “We use it so we can understand. We promise not to do anything nefarious with that.

　　他说：“我们正在帮助谷歌收集有关你的数据。“我们用它来理解。我们保证不做任何邪恶的事。

　　“We can’t speak on behalf of Google with your data. There is a little disclaimer there.”

　　“我们不能用你的数据代表谷歌发言。有一点免责声明。”

　　— Daniel E. White MPA ’20

　　-丹尼尔E.怀特MPA'20