精算
1.1 专业简介
精算是依据经济学的基本原理，运用现代数学，统计学及金融学的各种科学有效的方法，对各种经济活动中未来的风险进行分析，评估和管理，是现代保险、金融和投资实现稳健经营的基础。
Actuarial science 一般隶属数学和统计系下，一些学校根据学习内容的不同或学校自身的优势将其设置在商学院或运筹学院下。
1.2 开设院校
Boston University
Columbia University
George Mason University
Oregon State University
Temple University
Ohio State University
The University of Iowa
University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)
University of Connecticut
University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign
University of Wisconsin - Madison
University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee
Arizona State University
Ball State University
Bowling Green State University
Central Connecticut State
Depaul University
Florida State University
Georgia State University
Illinois State University
Kent State University
Lock Haven University
Maryville University of St. Louis
Middle Tennessee State University
Minnesota State University - Mankato
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Murray State University
Northern Arizona University
Roosevelt University
St. John's University
Towson University
University of Central Missouri
University of Michigan
University of Missouri - Columbia
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
University of Nevada - Reno
University of Northern Iowa
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Dallas
Wharton School - University of Pennsylvania
Youngstown State University
就业分析
1.1 常见职业方向
精算师的职业生涯被喻为“金领中的金领”。因为在发达国家，精算师既是商业保险界的核心精英，又可在金融投资、咨询等众多领域担任要职。下面举例较常见的：
Banking and Financial Services 金融服务
help banks and financial services companies with product portfolio, capital management and risk analysis 帮助银行和金融服务公司进行产品组合、资本管理和风险分析
Consulting 咨询
advise clients on actuarial financial risks, usually associated with employee benefits and insurance 为客户提供精算财务风险方面的咨询，通常与员工福利和保险有关
Enterprise Risk Management 企业风险管理
represents a wide range of opportunities for actuaries who desire to set up and run their own business 为那些希望建立和经营自己业务的精算师提供了广泛的机会
Environmental Finance 环境金融
apply finance techniques and practices to environmental issues 将金融技术和实践应用于环境问题
Health and Retirement Financing 健康和退休筹资
offer advice on aspects of social insurance including funding levels and population projections 就社会保险的各个方面提供咨询意见，包括筹资水平和人口预测
Investments and Fund Management 投资和基金管理
focus on asset risks for assetmanagers but also contribute in areas such as hedging strategy, derivatives structuring and structured finance 关注的是资产管理公司的资产风险，但也在对冲策略、衍生品结构和结构性融资等领域做出了贡献
perform risk management
functions for a specific line of business for an insurance company 为保险公司的特定业务部门执行风险管理职能
Reinsurance 再保险
perform traditional actuarial duties for a reinsurer that would accept risk from a direct insurance company 为接受直接保险公司风险的再保险公司履行传统的精算职责
Sales and Marketing 销售和市场营销
help set policies, messages and compensation levels for those directly involved in marketing 帮助直接参与市场营销的人制定政策、信息和薪酬水平
Senior Management 高级管理层
provide broad business and management oversight for an organization’s most senior decision makers 为组织中最资深的决策者提供广泛的业务和管理监督
Valuation 估值
perform experience studies, cash flow testing and other tasks to set the amount of reserve and capital held by an insurer 执行经验研究、现金流测试和其他任务，以确定保险公司所持有的准备金和资本数额
Wealth Management and Financial Planning 财富管理和财务规划
contribute skills and expertise to wealth management firms and individuals (rather than to insurance companies) 为财富管理公司和个人(而不是保险公司)提供技能和专业知识
1.2 就业展望
从 2016 年到 2026 年，精算师的就业预计将增长 22%，远远高于所有职业的平均水平。
需要精算师来开发、定价和评估各种保险产品，并计算新风险的成本。
还需要更多精算师来帮助企业管理自身的风险，这种做法被称为企业风险管理。精算师将帮助公司避免、管理和应对所有业务领域的潜在财务风险。这一分析有助于公司调整其业务或投资策略，以实现经济回报，并对新的财务法规和要求作出反应。
保险公司将需要精算师来分析从消费者那里收集到的大量信息，比如医疗或财产数据。现有数据的增加将使保险公司能够更好地开发新产品，制定有竞争力的价格，预测消费者行为，并对未来的风险和成本做出更准确的预测。
此外，健康保险公司将要求更多精算师帮助评估不断变化的医疗法规和指导方针的影响，开拓新的保险市场，并向新客户提供产品。
薪酬状况如下：
|
Job Title |
Hourly
wage |
Annual
wage |
|
|
Actuarial analyst |
精算分析师 |
$64.07 |
$115,500 |
|
Financial risk analyst |
金融风险分析师 |
$30.13 |
$75,776 |
|
Claims Adjusters |
理赔师 |
$27.46 |
$49,643 |
|
Claims Examiners |
索赔审查员 |
$22.14 |
$39,793 |
|
Claims Investigators |
索赔调查员 |
$23.7 |
$55,155 |
|
Insurance and Financial Services Associate |
保险及金融服务助理 |
$24.88 |
$58,095 |
|
Investment Analyst |
投资分析师 |
$30.52 |
$71,104 |
