句法 syntax词法 morphology结构 structure层次 rank句子 sentence从句 clause词组 phrase词类 part of speech单词 word
实词 notional word虚词 structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative复合词compound词性part of speech名词 noun
专有名词 proper noun普通名词 common noun可数名词 countable noun不可数名词 uncountable noun抽象名词 abstract noun
具体名词 concrete noun物质名词 material noun集体名词 collective noun个体名词 individual noun介词 preposition连词 conjunction
动词 verb主动词 main verb及物动词 transitive verb不及物动词 intransitive verb系动词 link verb助动词 auxiliary verb情态动词 modal verb
规则动词 regular verb不规则动词 irregular verb短语动词 phrasal verb限定动词 finite verb非限定动词 infinite verb使役动词 causative verb
感官动词 verb of senses动态动词 event verb静态动词 state verb感叹词 exclamation形容词 adjective副词 adverb方式副词 adverb of manner
程度副词 adverb of degree时间副词 adverb of time地点副词 adverb of place修饰性副词 adjunct连接性副词 conjunct疑问副词interrogatives adverb
关系副词 relative adverb代词 pronoun人称代词 personal pronoun物主代词 possessive pronoun反身代词 reflexive pronoun
相互代词 reciprocal pronoun指示代词 demonstrative pronoun疑问代词 interrogative pronoun关系代词 relative pronoun不定代词 indefinite pronoun
物主代词 possessive pronoun名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun冠词 article
定冠词 definite article不定冠词 indefinite article数词 numeral基数词 cardinal numeral序数词 ordinal numeral分数词 fractional numeral
形式 form单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form限定动词 finite verb form非限定动词 non-finite verb form原形 base form从句 clause
从属句 subordinate clause并列句 coordinate clause名词从句 nominal clause定语从句 attributive clause状语从句 adverbial clause
宾语从句 object clause主语从句 subject clause同位语从句 appositive clause时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place
方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause
结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition
真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition
错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition句子 sentence简单句 simple sentence并列句 compound sentence复合句 complex sentence
并列复合句 compound complex sentence陈述句 declarative sentence疑问句 interrogative sentence一般疑问句 general question
特殊疑问句 special question选择疑问句 alternative question附加疑问句 tag question反义疑问句 disjunctive question修辞疑问句 rhetorical question
感叹疑问句 exclamatory question存在句 existential sentence肯定句 positive sentence基本句型 basic sentence pattern否定句 negative sentence
祈使句 imperative sentence省略句 elliptical sentence感叹句 exclamatory sentence句子成分 members of sentences主语 subject谓语 predicate
宾语 object双宾语 dual object直接宾语 direct object间接宾语 indirect object复合宾语 complex object同源宾语 cognate object补语 complement
主补 subject complement宾补 object complement表语 predicative定语 attribute同位语 appositive状语 adverbial句法关系 syntactic relationship
并列 coordinate从属 subordination修饰 modification前置修饰 pre-modification后置修饰 post-modification限制 restriction
双重限制 double-restriction非限制 non-restriction数 number单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form规则形式 regular form
不规则形式 irregular form格 case普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case宾格 objective case性 gender
阳性 masculine阴性 feminine通性 common中性 neuter人称 person第一人称 first person第二人称 second person第三人称 third person
时态 tense过去将来时 past future tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense
一般现在时 present simple tense一般过去时 past simple tense一般将来时 future simple tense现在完成时 past perfect tense
过去完成时 present perfect tense将来完成时 future perfect tense现在进行时 present continuous tense过去进行时 past continuous tense
将来进行时 future continuous tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense
过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense语态 voice主动语态 active voice 被动语态 passive voice语气 mood陈述语气 indicative mood
祈使语气 imperative mood虚拟语气 subjunctive mood否定 negation否定范围 scope of negation全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation
转移否定 shift of negation语序 order自然语序 natural order倒装语序 inversion全部倒装 full inversion部分倒装 partial inversion
直接引语 direct speech间接引语 indirect speech自由直接引语 free direct speech自由间接引语 free indirect speech一致 agreement
主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement语法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement就近原则 principle of proximity强调 emphasis
重复 repetition语音 pronunciation 语调 tone升调 rising tone降调 falling tone降升调 falling-rising tone文体 style正式文体 formal
非正式文体 informal口语 spoken/oral English套语 formulistic expression英国英语 British English美国英语 American English用法 usage
感情色彩 emotional coloring褒义 commendatory贬义 derogatory 幽默 humorous讽刺 sarcastic挖苦 ironic
awkward笨拙的，就是拗口，读起来不顺，也可以理解为不符合语言习惯
wordy唠叨的，不简洁;应该是重复使用相同意思的单词
redundant多余的
run-on sentence: A sentence that has two or more main clauses without connecting words such as “and”, “but” or correct punctuation such as comma or semicolon.两个完整句子之间没有连词(and, or ...)连接。却用了逗号等表示句子没有结束的符号。
sentence fragment: 句子结构不完整。常见的是只有主语，没有谓语和宾语。
dangling modifier: 修饰对象不明。常说分词短语的。
