很多小考鸭在完成雅思小作文时,都觉得替换题目中的描述对象(下图红色下划线部分)很难,甚至有时不得已会重复原题中的语言,大多数考生只能背诵一些常见词汇的替换。
首先,请各位同学阅读下面的小作文题目,并且考虑如何替换题目中的描述对象:
The graph below shows average carbon dioxide (CO2) emission per person in the United Kingdom, Sweden, Italy and Portugal between 1967 and 2007.
方法一: 不要忘记A of B
如果觉得替换有困难,千万不要无数次地重复原题中的语言,因为重复的文字是不算在总字数中的!!!不难看出,题目的描述对象是the CO2 emission,二氧化碳的排放量,我们不妨用A of B 的形式进行替换,变成the emission of CO2。这个方法非常简单,虽然不能在词汇上拿到高分,但是能够帮助基础薄弱的考生避免重复题目。
方法二: 分词做后置定语
分词做后置定语有两种,比起方法一难度会更高一些。
01 过去分词做后置定语
仍然以the CO2 emission为例,考生们先确定CO2是否可数,答案是不可数。对于不可数名词数量的描述,通常用amount,那么再考虑CO2与emission之间的关系是被动,emission的动词形式是emit,那么组合起来就是the amount of CO2 emitted, emitted是过去分词做后置定语。
我们来做个练习,请各位考鸭用这个方法写出下面题目中描述对象的替换:
The graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004.
答案:the amount of fish consumed。
fish不可数,用amount。fish和consumption之间是被动关系,consumption的动词是consume,consumed是过去分词做后置定语。
02 现在分词作后置定语
如果题目中的描述对象是the number of international students who graduated from universities,我们需要知道students与graduate是主动关系,便可以将who graduated改成graduating。
我们还是来做个练习吧:
The graph shows the number of overseas visitors to three different areas in a European country between 1987 and 2007.
答案: the number of foreign travellers visiting A, B, and C.
overseas/foreign;traveller/visitor是替换,traveller与visit是主动关系,此处用现在分词做后置定语。
方法三: 运锋刃于无形,润物细无声
描述对象的替换体现了考生的词汇,语法等能力,拿到高分还需要考鸭没在平时阅读高分文章时多多积累,下面给各位提供了两个比较好的例子,请各位自行体会:
The bar chart presents the information with regard to the change of proportions of different immigrants to Australia from five countries in three years, namely 1962, 1982 and 2002.
替换成:the proportion of New Zealanders coming to Australia to take up permanent residence
The chart below shows how frequently people in the USA ate in fast food restaurants between 2003 and 2013.
替换成:how often Americans visited fast food restaurants in …
the proportions of Americans eating in fast food restaurants everyday …
the percentage of Americans visiting these establishments on a less frequent basis…
希望阅读此篇文章的考生们,能够在备考过程中主动积累运用自己觉得写的精妙的描述对象,以题目为单位进行总结,你会发现今天总结的方法不断的出现,而且很多题目的描述对象是重复的。如此,语言的积累和考试技巧能够一起达成,各位在考场上就会更有安全感。