卫生保健总顾问在哈佛法学院探讨紧迫的卫生政策和法律问题-新东方前途出国

　　Health care general counsels explore pressing health policy and legal issues at Harvard Law School

　　卫生保健总顾问在哈佛法学院探讨紧迫的卫生政策和法律问题  在线咨询

　　By Kaitlyn Dowling, December 11, 2019

　　作者：Kaitlyn Dowling，2019年12月11日

　　General Counsels from some of America’s most important health care institutions – hospitals, insurers, biotechnology companies – came to Harvard Law School in November as part of the General Counsels Roundtable to explore pressing health policy and legal issues facing their companies today. Held biannually, these roundtable meetings, conceived of and hosted by the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School, connect leading health law practitioners with marquee experts in health law and related fields and support peer discussion. The result is a multilayered dialogue, where the experts teach and learn from the counsels and the counsels share questions and concerns in a confidential space to learn from one another’s experiences.

　　来自美国一些最重要的医疗机构——医院、保险公司、生物技术公司——的总顾问于11月来到哈佛法学院，作为总顾问圆桌会议的一部分，探讨其公司目前面临的紧迫的医疗政策和法律问题。这些圆桌会议由哈佛法学院的Petrie Flom卫生法政策、生物技术和生物伦理学中心构想并主办，每两年举行一次，将主要卫生法从业人员与卫生法和相关领域的专家联系起来，并支持同行讨论。其结果是一个多层次的对话，专家们在这个对话中向顾问们教授和学习，顾问们在一个保密的空间里分享问题和关注点，从彼此的经验中学习。

　　The roundtable is unique from other learning opportunities available to the counsels because it utilizes the deep wealth of knowledge available at Harvard Law School.

　　圆桌会议是独一无二的，从其他学习机会，提供给律师，因为它利用了丰富的知识，可在哈佛法学院。 在线咨询

　　General counsels in the health care industry often do not have ready access to other general counsels in the industry, especially if they are in a different sector of the industry, and the Petrie-Flom Center Roundtable is an invaluable opportunity to share ideas and best practices with our peers,

　　医疗保健行业的总顾问通常没有现成的机会接触到该行业的其他总顾问，特别是如果他们在该行业的不同部门，Petrie Flom Center圆桌会议是一个宝贵的机会，可以与我们的同行分享想法和最佳做法，

　　Jorge Lopez ’84, executive vice president and general counsel at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

　　Jorge Lopez'84，纪念斯隆·凯特林癌症中心执行副总裁兼总法律顾问

　　“General counsels in the health care industry often do not have ready access to other general counsels in the industry, especially if they are in a different sector of the industry, and the Petrie-Flom Center Roundtable is an invaluable opportunity to share ideas and best practices with our peers,” said roundtable participant Jorge Lopez ’84, executive vice president and general counsel at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Afia Asamoah ’05, head of legal at Google Health, also appreciated the opportunity to connect with others in the industry: “At a time when there are many opportunities to innovate to make health care better for everyone, advising health care companies is inspiring, and complex. The General Counsel’s Roundtable offers the unique opportunity to pause, and learn with, and from, other GCs experiencing similar opportunities and challenges,” she said.

　　“卫生保健行业的一般顾问通常没有现成的机会接触该行业的其他一般顾问，特别是如果他们在该行业的不同部门，而Petrie Flom Center圆桌会议是一个宝贵的机会，可以与我们的同行分享想法和最佳做法，纪念斯隆·凯特林癌症中心执行副总裁兼总法律顾问、圆桌会议参与者豪尔赫·洛佩兹（Jorge Lopez'84）说。谷歌健康（Google Health）法律主管阿菲亚•阿萨莫阿（Afia Asamoah'05）也对与业内其他公司建立联系的机会表示赞赏：“在有很多创新机会让医疗服务更好地惠及所有人的时候，为医疗服务公司提供咨询是令人鼓舞的，也是复杂的。总法律顾问的圆桌会议提供了一个独特的机会，让我们暂停下来，与经历类似机遇和挑战的其他GCs一起学习。

　　The group convened this fall to discuss opportunities and challenges in health law and policy including drug pricing, antitrust issues in health care, algorithmic medicine, and the impact of aging on the health care system.

　　该小组今年秋天召开会议，讨论卫生法律和政策方面的机遇和挑战，包括药品定价、卫生保健领域的反垄断问题、算法医学以及老龄化对卫生保健系统的影响。 在线咨询

　　Benjamin Roin ’05, formerly an assistant professor at the law school and now at Charles River Associates, tackled the topic of pharmaceutical pricing, particularly for drugs delivered in hospitals. He discussed what goes into pricing innovative therapeutics, from conducting focus groups with patients, to surveying physicians and pharmacists. Robert Leibenluft of Hogan Lovells and George Washington Law School drew upon his years of antitrust practice to share insights into emerging antitrust issues in the health care sector, in particular the growing trend toward health systems consolidation, hospital, and physician group mergers. These topics were directly relevant to the counsels from hospitals and insurers, but also were of interest to the members representing pharmaceutical companies.

　　Benjamin Roin'05，以前是法学院的助理教授，现在是Charles River Associates的助理教授，他谈到了药品定价的话题，特别是在医院交付的药品。他讨论了创新疗法的定价，从对病人进行焦点小组讨论，到调查医生和药剂师。Hogan Lovells和George Washington法学院的Robert Leibenluft利用他多年的反垄断实践，分享了他对医疗保健领域新出现的反垄断问题的见解，特别是医疗系统整合、医院和医生集团合并的日益发展趋势。这些主题与医院和保险公司的顾问直接相关，但也与代表制药公司的成员感兴趣。

　　Credit: Lorin GrangerLeft: Afia Asamoah ’05, head of legal at Google Health, said she appreciated the opportunity to connect with others in the industry: “At a time when there are many opportunities to innovate to make health care better for everyone, advising health care companies is inspiring, and complex,” she said. “The General Counsel’s Roundtable offers the unique opportunity to pause, and learn with, and from, other GCs experiencing similar opportunities and challenges.”

　　信用：Lorin grangerlev:Google Health的法律主管Afia Asamoah'05说，她非常感谢与业内其他人建立联系的机会：“在有很多创新机会让医疗服务更好地为每个人服务的时候，为医疗保健公司提供咨询是令人鼓舞的，也是复杂的，”她说。“总法律顾问圆桌会议提供了一个独特的机会，让我们可以暂停讨论，并与经历类似机遇和挑战的其他GCs一起学习。” 在线咨询

　　Credit: Lorin Granger Christopher Bavitz, WilmerHale Clinical Professor of Law and Managing Director of Harvard Law School’s Cyberlaw Clinic, led the group in a discussion of the opportunities and challenges that artificial intelligence, machine learning, and algorithms present to the health care industry.

　　学分：哈佛法学院网络法诊所的WilmerHale临床法学教授兼常务董事Lorin Granger Christopher Bavitz带领小组讨论了人工智能、机器学习，以及向医疗行业展示的算法。

　　The roundtable then turned to the impact that data has on the delivery of health care. Harvard Law School’s WilmerHale Clinical Professor of Law Christopher Bavitz, managing director of the school’s Cyberlaw Clinic, led the group in a discussion of the opportunities and challenges that artificial intelligence, machine learning, and algorithms present to the health care industry. The spirited conversation that followed raised questions on how to conceptualize the role of AI in health care decisions. Should AI be used as tool, or decision-maker? Or should it be viewed as a product or service, or even in some sense a “hire” for the system?

　　圆桌会议接着讨论了数据对提供保健服务的影响。哈佛法学院的威尔默黑尔临床法学教授克里斯托弗·巴维茨（Christopher Bavitz）是该学院网络法诊所的常务董事，他带领小组讨论了人工智能、机器学习和算法给医疗行业带来的机遇和挑战。随后的热烈对话提出了如何概念化人工智能在医疗决策中的作用的问题。人工智能应该被用作工具，还是决策者？或者，它应该被视为一种产品或服务，或者甚至在某种意义上被视为系统的“雇佣”？

　　I. Glenn Cohen ’03, who serves as director of the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics, built upon the previous discussion and challenged the group to examine their thinking on the necessity of “explainability” as to medical AI. He asked, “Is it totally necessary for a doctor or technician to be able to fully explain how an algorithm produces a result?” He drilled down on how explainable versus non-explainable systems might be treated for purposes of liability or informed consent.

　　一、 Glenn Cohen'03是Petrie Flom卫生法律政策、生物技术和生物伦理学中心的主任，他在先前讨论的基础上提出了挑战，要求该小组审查他们关于医疗人工智能“可解释性”的必要性的想法。他问：“医生或技术人员完全有必要充分解释算法是如何产生结果的吗？“他深入研究了可解释系统和不可解释系统在责任或知情同意方面的区别。

　　Credit: Lorin Granger As part of the General Counsels Roundtable, Dr. Ashish Jha, K.T. Li Professor of Global Health at Harvard University, Dean for Global Strategy at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and the Director of the Harvard Global Health Institute, explored the impact of aging on health care systems here in the U.S. and abroad.

　　功劳：洛林·格兰杰（Lorin Granger）作为总顾问圆桌会议的一部分，哈佛大学全球卫生教授、哈佛陈氏公共卫生学院全球战略系主任、哈佛全球卫生研究所所长阿希什·贾博士（Ashish Jha）探讨了这一影响在美国和国外的医疗系统中老龄化。 在线咨询

　　One group member, whose company is a major player in health care technology, emphasized the importance of setting principles for the use of AI. Her concerns are helping to shape other Petrie-Flom Center events, to be held at Harvard Law School in the coming semesters, designed to further the conversation around needed regulation of medical AI. Petrie-Flom Center Executive Director Carmel Shachar ’10 notes that this cross-pollination happens frequently at the roundtable meetings. “The roundtable brings leading practitioners to campus, which encourages them to meet with and mentor Harvard Law School students, to speak at events open to the broader Harvard community, and to help shape the research being undertaken at our Centers and clinics,” she said.

　　一位集团成员的公司是医疗技术的主要参与者，他强调了为使用人工智能制定原则的重要性。她的担忧有助于塑造其他Petrie Flom Center活动，这些活动将在哈佛法学院（Harvard Law School）举行，旨在围绕医疗人工智能的必要监管进一步展开对话。Petrie Flom中心执行主任Carmel Shachar'10指出，这种异花授粉现象经常发生在圆桌会议上。她说：“圆桌会议将主要从业者带到校园，鼓励他们会见和指导哈佛法学院的学生，在更广泛的哈佛社区开放的活动上发言，并帮助塑造我们中心和诊所正在进行的研究。”。

　　Finally, Dr. Ashish Jha, K.T. Li Professor of Global Health at Harvard University, dean for Global Strategy at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and the director of the Harvard Global Health Institute, explored the impact of aging on health care systems here in the U.S. and abroad. Several members of the group expressed a desire to learn more about how best to support patients “aging in place,” at home with their families as their health needs increase, rather than in a hospital. Jha echoed their concerns, noting the negative impact hospital stays can have on aging patients’ physical and cognitive health.

　　最后，Ashish Jha博士、哈佛大学全球卫生教授K.T.Li博士、哈佛陈氏公共卫生学院全球战略院长和哈佛全球卫生研究所所长探讨了老龄化对美国国内外医疗体系的影响。该组织的几名成员表示，他们希望更多地了解如何最好地支持患者“就地老龄化”，即随着患者健康需求的增加，在家里与家人一起，而不是在医院里。Jha回应了他们的担忧，指出住院会对老年患者的身体和认知健康产生负面影响。 在线咨询

　　Significant growth in the aging population led many members of the group to ask how to best position their companies to respond to the upcoming “silver tsunami.” Questions they asked included: How can providers prepare as Baby Boomers’ health needs become greater and more complex? How can digital health and biotechnology companies develop products that will address the needs of an aging population? and How can insurers best manage care for enrollees who will require more help with daily activities?

　　人口老龄化的显著增长导致该组织的许多成员问，如何使公司在应对即将到来的“银海啸”时处于最佳位置。他们问的问题包括：随着婴儿潮一代的健康需求变得越来越大和越来越复杂，供应商如何做好准备？数字健康和生物技术公司如何开发能够满足人口老龄化需求的产品？保险公司如何才能最好地为那些需要更多日常活动帮助的参保人员提供护理？

　　In the past, the roundtable hosted talks from Harvard Law School Professors I. Glenn Cohen on the use of data in novel health technologies; David Wilkins ’80 , director of the Center on the Legal Profession at Harvard Law School, on the unique challenges facing General Counsels; and Scott Westfahl ’88, director of Harvard Law School Executive Education, on crisis management. The roundtable has also drawn from the expertise of the broader Harvard University community, including hosting Harvard Business School Professor Michael Porter on value based health care and Harvard Stem Cell Institute Executive Director Brock Reeve on the future of stem cell technology. Other speakers include leadership from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and partners from leading law firms. Faculty report that the roundtable is an interesting opportunity for them to get feedback on their work from lawyers helping lead companies on the vanguard of health care delivery, financing, and biotechnology.

　　过去，圆桌会议主持了哈佛法学院教授I.Glenn Cohen关于在新的健康技术中使用数据的演讲；哈佛法学院法律专业中心主任David Wilkins'80，关于一般法律顾问面临的独特挑战；哈佛法学院行政主管Scott Westfahl'88关于危机管理的教育。圆桌会议还借鉴了更广泛的哈佛大学社区的专业知识，其中包括哈佛商学院教授迈克尔·波特（Michael Porter）主持了基于价值的医疗保健，哈佛干细胞研究所（Harvard Stem Cell Institute）执行主任布罗克·里夫（Brock Reeve）主持了关于干细胞技术未来的会议。其他发言者包括来自医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心的领导层以及来自主要律师事务所的合作伙伴。教师们报告说，圆桌会议是一个有趣的机会，他们可以从律师那里获得工作反馈，帮助领先的公司走在医疗保健、融资和生物技术的前沿。 在线咨询

　　“The roundtable is a fantastic opportunity for health law academic and business leaders to come together,” notes Cohen. “Not only do the counsels get the opportunity to engage in small group discussions with Harvard Law School faculty, but professors conducting research in the health law and policy field get to receive direct feedback on their work from people best positioned to have unique insights into developments in this area.”

　　科恩指出：“圆桌会议是一个极好的机会，让卫生法学术界和商界领 袖走到一起。”。“咨询师不仅有机会与哈佛法学院的教员进行小组讨论，而且从事卫生法律和政策领域研究的教授也能从最有能力对这一领域的发展有独特见解的人那里获得关于其工作的直接反馈。”

　　Credit: Lorin Granger Sara Gerke, research fellow in Artificial Medicine, Intelligence, and Law at the Petrie-Flom Center, looks on during Chris Bavitz’s presentation on algorithmic medicine.

　　功劳：Petrie Flom中心人工医学、智能和法律研究员Lorin Granger Sara Gerke在Chris Bavitz关于算法医学的演讲中谈到。

　　Health law and policy is a constantly evolving field thanks in part to political developments and technological breakthroughs. The General Counsels Roundtable helps influential health law attorneys stay on top of or even ahead of these changes through connecting them to experts at the Law School and broader University. The roundtable also helps shape the work being done at the Law School by strengthening ties between faculty.

　　卫生法律和政策是一个不断发展的领域，部分原因是政治发展和技术突破。总顾问圆桌会议通过将有影响力的卫生法律师与法学院和更广泛的大学的专家联系起来，帮助他们掌握这些变化，甚至领先于这些变化。圆桌会议还通过加强教师之间的联系，帮助塑造法学院正在进行的工作。