加拿大没有全国统一的教育制度,也没有联邦教育部或类似机构。依据1867年的加拿大宪法规定:每个省制定自己的教育制度。加拿大有10个省和3个行政区,每个地方都有自己的教育管理部门负责本地区内初、中等教育的组织、管理与评估,甚至有一些地区初、中等教育与高等教育分别由不同的部门来管理。
Canada has no unified national education system, nor the Federal Ministry of Education or similar institutions. According to the Constitution of Canada 1867: each province to develop their own education system. Canada has 10 provinces and 3 administrative districts, each place has its own local education authorities responsible for local primary and secondary education, organization, management and evaluation, and even some areas of primary and secondary education and higher education by different Departments to manage.
加拿大高等教育全称为“中学以上的教育”(Postsecondary Education)提供学位(degrees)、文凭(diplomas)、证书(certificates)和证明(attestations),这主要取决于课程的长短以及学校的性质。一般来说,大学(University)和大学学院主要提供学位课程,但也有部分文凭和证书课程,一般是专业文凭或者证书。而学院(college)、社区学院(community colleges)和职业技术教育机构(technical and vocational institutions)则只能提供文凭和证书课程。在某些情况下,如果成绩优异,也可以将学分直接转到大学里。比如在魁北克省,普通和职业教育学院(CEGEP)可以国那些想进入大学的学生提供2年的专业课程,也可以为那些想就业的学生提供3年的专业或者职业的课程。
Higher Education in Canada is called "Postsecondary Education" offers degrees, diplomas, certificates and attestations, which mainly depends on the length of courses and properties of university. In general, the University and University College offers degree programs primarily, but also some diploma and certificate courses, usually a professional diploma or certificate. The college, community colleges and vocational and technical education institutions can only provide courses which only offer diploma and certificate. In some cases, if outstanding, you can also go directly to university.
大学与大学学院
加拿大的大学(University)是高度自治的,大学可以自己制定入学标准、学位要求,甚至大学提供什么课程也有很大的灵活性。政府一般只对大学的资金支持、学费结构和新课程的开设有一些干预。
加拿大的大学可以提供三个连续的学位:学士学位、硕士学位和博士学位。正常情况下,学士学位(Bachelor’s degrees)需要3-4年的全日制学习,不同省份或者不同课程要求不同。但荣誉学士学位(honours bachelor’s degree)则需要多一年的学习。拿到学士学位或者荣誉学士学位后可以申请攻读硕士学位,一般需要2年时间。如果想得到博士学位(doctoral degree),一般需要3-5年的学习与研究,而且需要学位论文。
University and University College
Canadian universities offer three consecutive degrees: Bachelor, Master and PhD degrees. Under normal circumstances, Bachelor's degrees need 3-4 years of full-time study .And the different requirements of different provinces or different courses. But honors bachelor's degree that you need one more year of study. Get a bachelor's degree or Bachelor degree can apply to study after a master's degree which usually takes you 2 years. If you want a doctoral degree, normally you could take 3-5 years of study , research and dissertations.
学院
加拿大的学院不是高度自治,政府会参与到学校的管理当中,比如:入学标准、提供的课程、学校的制度以及工作条件等等。大部分学院都有一个由省或行政区政府官员组成的管理委员会,管理委员会也有学生、教师及社会人士的代表。
公用学院、专业学校、社区学院、技术学校和CEGEP在很多专业的、技术领域提供广泛的职业课程,课程包括:商业、健康、应用艺术、技术和社会服务。这些课程的时间从6个月到3年不等,有一些学院也提供研究生文凭(postgraduate diplomas)。
要想拿到文凭(Diplomas),需要完成2-3年的学院课程,而证书certificate课程则只需要一年。在魁北克省,AEC相当于证书。一些学院或者专业学院也提供大学学位或者专业学位,但另一些则只提供大学转学课程。
College
Institute of Canada is not a high degree of autonomy, the Government will participate in the management of the school.Most colleges have a provincial or administrative management committee composed of government officials, management committee also include students, teachers and representatives of community.
Students who want to get the Diplomas need to complete 2-3 years of college courses. But course on certificate need only one year. In Quebec, AEC equivalents certificate. Some college or professional schools also offer auniversity degrees or professional degrees, but others only provide university transfer courses.
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