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对于本科阶段想要申请物理专业的同学们，我们这篇文章可以帮助同学们盘点物理学优质院校，专业设置情况，以及未来相关的就业方向等内容。
一、物理专业概述
物理学专业概述引用了芝加哥大学对本科物理学专业的解释，如下：
Physics is concerned with the study of matter, energy, forces, and their interaction in the world and universe around us. The BA in physics includes a strong emphasis on experiment and covers the broad fundamentals necessary for graduate study in theoretical physics, experimental physics, or astronomy and astrophysics, as well as some fields of engineering and many interdisciplinary specialties requiring a strong technical background (e.g., biophysics, medical physics, atmospheric and environmental sciences).
物理学学士学位非常强调实验。涵盖了理论物理学、实验物理学以及天文学和天体物理学研究生学习所必需的广泛基础知识，以及一些工程领域和许多需要强大技术背景的跨学科专业(例如，生物物理学、医学物理学、大气和环境科学)。
二、 物理院校排名
物理学专业参考的排名为U.S. News-Best Physics Schools（Ranked in 2022, part of Best Science Schools）
1 Stanford University 斯坦福大学
2 California Institute of Technology 加州理工学院
2 Harvard University 哈佛大学
2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 麻省理工学院
2 Princeton University 普林斯顿大学
2 University of California--Berkeley 加州大学伯克利分校
7 University of Chicago 芝加哥大学
8 Cornell University 康奈尔大学
9 Columbia University 哥伦比亚大学
9 University of Illinois--Urbana-Champaign 伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳香槟分校
11 University of California--Santa Barbara 加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校
11 University of Pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚大学
11 Yale University 耶鲁大学
14 University of Colorado--Boulder 科罗拉多大学
15 Johns Hopkins University 约翰斯霍普金斯大学
15 University of Michigan--Ann Arbor 密歇根大学安娜堡分校
15 University of Texas--Austin 得克萨斯州奥斯汀分校
18 University of California--Los Angeles 加州大学洛杉矶分校
18 University of Maryland--College Park 马里兰帕克
20 Northwestern University 西北大学
20 University of California--San Diego 加州大学圣地亚哥分校
20 University of Washington 华盛顿大学
三、 美国本科物理专业设置
通常学校会开设物理学专业，应用物理专业，物理生物专业、物理化学专业、物理计算机专业、天体物理专业、地球物理等专业。多数学校以开设物理学专业为主。物理学专业的学位设置也不尽相同，主要以BS为主，下面是斯坦福大学物理学专业学位设置。
学生可以修物理学专业，同时也可以辅修其他专业，比如天体物理等：If you want to study Astrophysics, you will either major in Physics with a Concentration in Astronomy, or simply minor in Astronomy in conjunction with a different major. There are also many opportunities for student research in this area.
四、物理专业课程设置
以斯坦福大学的物理专业课程设置为例：
What You'll Study
You'll develop an understanding of the fundamental laws that govern the universe, and a strong foundation of mathematical, analytical, laboratory, and written communication skills. Specifically, you'll gain a thorough quantitative and conceptual understanding of the core areas of physics, including mechanics, electricity and magnetism, thermodynamics, statistical physics, and quantum mechanics, at a level compatible with admission to graduate programs in physics at peer institutions.
学生主要学习：力学，电和磁，热力学，统计物理和量子力学等内容，同时也会培养学生的数学、分析、实验室和书面沟通等技能。
The goal is to develop both quantitative problem solving skills and the ability to conceive experiments and analyze and interpret data. You will also have an opportunity for learning through research. You will be prepared not only for graduate work in physics, but also for careers in fields that benefit from quantitative and analytical thinking, including physics, engineering, teaching, medicine, law, science writing, and science policy, in government or the private sector.
对于学生未来无论是就读研究生继续做研究，还是直接就业来讲，物理学专业都能够很好的培养学生的解决定量问题的能力，以及独立实验和分析和解释数据的能力。
