独立主格，Absolute Construction
它有着自己独立的逻辑主语和修饰成分，却委曲求全的委身于对主句的整体或部分内容的修饰。
with+ 名词/代词 +形容词/ 副词/名词/介词短语/非谓语动词
我们来看几个例句，掌握下独立主格在句中的使用情况。
A
new phenomenon visible at Managua’s major intersections is waves of vendors and beggars,
many of them children.
many of them children
独立主格结构补充说明vendors 和beggars的身份。
His right hand and arm crippled by a sniper’s bullet during the First World War,
Horace Pippin, a Black American painter, worked by holding the brush in his right hand and guiding its movements with his left.
His right hand and arm crippled by a sniper’s bullet during the First World War 名词+ done 结构所构成的独立主格，放在句首可以当作原因状语从句理解：
Because his right hand and arm had been crippled by a sniper’s bullet during the First World War，
Horace Pippin, a Black
American painter, worked by holding the brush in his right hand and guiding its movements with his left.
因为在一战中被子弹打伤了右手的手掌和手臂，所以Horace Pippin，一位美国黑人画家，只能把笔抓在右手上，而依靠左手的牵引来作画。
Chinese, the most ancient of living writing systems, consists of tens of thousands of ideographic characters, each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside its own square frame.
Each型的独立主格结构，补充说明characters 的特征。
中文，现存最古老的书写体系，又成千上万个象形方块字组成，每个字符在其方块内都是一个微缩的书法作品。
很多时候独立主格也可以转化成相应的状语从句来理解。比如：
1. Mary coming back，they discussed the agreement together.
→When Mary came back, they discussed the agreement together.
2. Time permitting, we shall go there on foot.
→If time permits,
we shall go there on foot.
3. Nobody having any more to say, the deal was closed.
→Since nobody had any more to say,
the deal was closed.
尽管很多时
候，独立主格与
主句的逻辑关系相对松散，但是在
GRE填空中
，独立主格作为主句修饰成分，读懂它，很多时候就是在读懂空格与已知信息的对应，就是读懂了正
确选项的密码。
[真经GRE填空机经1500题section97-1]
Even months after massive storm, there remained a heavy, suspended sediment load in the surface water overlying the coral reef, the _____ water a testament to the storm’s effects.
解析：
the _____ water a testament to the storm’s effects. 补充说明storm的效果之下，水的特征；而该特征显然要与a heavy, suspended sediment load in the surface water构成同义，空格直接可填入A. turbid 浑浊的，污浊的。
最后我们留一个思考题，欢迎大家将答案留言哟！我们会在中午在留言区公布答案哟~
[真经GRE填空机经1500题section142-3]
It is incorrect to think of eighth-century Japan as (i)_____. In western and central Japan, for example, there was considerable (ii)______, with many inhabitants deriving their ancestry from the Wa and Yamato peoples and at least a third being descendants of Korean immigrants unrelated to those peoples.
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A. culturally conservative
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C. ethnically homogeneous
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对独立主格的准确解读，是GRE填空解题的利刃之一，望G-takers都能熟练掌握，手起刀落，从而大大提高填空解题的正确率。
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