Modern Language Association (MLA)
The Modern Language Association style is almost exclusively used in the academic world. It applies mostly to literature and humanities.
This is likely the style first introduced to most writing students and undergrads. It does carry some similarities to CMS teachings, although it's more focused on citation and documentation.
American Psychological Association (APA)
The APA carries its own standard for the social sciences, such as psychology, sociology, education, and politics. APA style is sometimes used for engineering and business work as well.
Alternative Style Guides
- AMA: The American Medical Association style guide is in its 10th edition as of 2019. It's published by Oxford Press. Except for a few special cases, this is the go-to manual for health, medicine, and biology subjects.
- NLM: The National Library of Medicine has an online-only style guida that's often used in some of the AMA disciplines.
- CSE: The Council of Science Editors Manual covers natural sciences and biology.
- ACS: The American Chemical Society got in on the act with a style guide specifically for chemists. Chances are that you already know about this guide if you write about chemistry, but an ACS-style crib sheet is available if you ever need it.
- ASA: The American Sociological Association has a guide similar to that of APA, although the APA still seems to be more popular, even with more sociological-oriented disciplines.
- Bluebook: Bluebook citation is used in the legal profession.
- Harvard Style: Also called the Author-Date style of citation, this isn't actually a fully published guide, but it can be useful with regard to referencing.
摘自https://www.thebalancecareers.com
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