比如说,你到一个人家里做客,这家的主人非常的慷慨,各种尽心的招待,把家里珍藏多年的美酒都拿出来待客,于是你在心里感慨,这个主人真阔气!那么如果你要用“阔气的”去形容这个“主人”,一个最符合就近修饰原则的表达是,把“阔气的”(修饰成分)和“主人”(被修饰成分)紧密的放在一起,直接说“阔气的主人”,这样,语义是非常清晰的,看的人一眼就知道你今天去了个很阔气的人家里做客。如果你画蛇添足,在“阔气的”(修饰成分)和“主人”(被修饰成分)之间插入其他成分,比如插入“房子的”,变成“阔气的房子的主人”,那么这里你的读者在理解的时候,就可能会出现偏差,可能大家会认为“阔气的”是在修饰“房子”,把意思理解成,这个主人家住在一个非常阔气的大房子里。这样你就不能很好的传达自己的本意了。
在GMAT语法中,我们讨论就近修饰,主要讨论的是定语要去就近修饰最近的名词,状语要去就近修饰最近的动词,接下来就一道例题,说一说定语从句的就近修饰。
Although a number of excellent studies narrate the development of domestic technology and its impact on housewifery, these works do not discuss the contributions of the women employed by manufacturers and utility companies as product demonstrators and publicists, who initially promoted new and unfamiliar technology to female customers.
A. by manufacturers and utility companies as product demonstrators and publicists,
B. to beproduct demonstrators and publicists by manufacturers and utility companies,
C. to demonstrate and publicize their products by manufacturers and utility companies
D. by manufacturers and utility companies to be demonstrators and publicists of theirproducts
E. by manufacturers and utility companies to demonstrate and publicize their products
首先,梳理原句意思和结构,原句意为:“尽管很多优秀的研究都描述了家用产品的科技的发展及其对于家务的影响,但是这些作品都没有探讨过某一类女性的贡献,这些女性被厂商和公司雇佣为展示员和宣传员,她们把新的、人们不熟悉的产品推销给女性客户。”原句主干结构为:“these works do not discuss the contributions of the women。”原句主干和意思都比较合理,所以这道极其有可能选A。
接下来,对比选项,确认其他选项错误。
首先,对比A、B,看到的第一个差异是习语的差异。到底用employed…as 还是employed…to be 或者干脆像C选项,用employed…to do?这里我们建议实战做题时,跳过习语的这个点。因为习语非常多,规律性也不强,积累起来比较困难,所以先跳过这个点,看能不能用其它更简单的点做题。
其次,再看到的差异就是顺序的问题了。A选项“by manufacturers and utility companies ”在前,“as product demonstrators and publicists”在后,B选项刚好反过来,“to be product demonstrators and publicists”在前,“ by manufacturers and utility companies”在后,顺序的差异固然会造成语义的差异,但在这里,除了语义的差异之外,还有一个很重要的由顺序改变带来的差异:改变顺序,会导致句末的“who initially promoted new and unfamiliar technology to female customers”这个定语从句的修饰对象发生改变,根据就近修饰的原则,该定语从句语法上应该修饰前面最近的名词,即A选项中修饰“product demonstrators and publicists”,B选项中修饰“manufacturersand utility companies”,而语义上,很显然该从句修饰“product demonstrators and publicists”合理,故而正确答案确实为A,其他选项,该从句的修饰对象语义上都不合理。
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