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地理信息系统专业是地理专业申请的大热方向。国内学习地理信息系统、计算机、测绘、遥感、城市规划、数学、地理、土地管理等专业的学生可以申请该专业。
实习：
如果学生有丰富的实验经验和项目经验，或者在地理研究机构或规划测绘类机构有较好的实习经历和工作经验，对申请也有很大的提升作用。
标化考试：
学生也需要准备申请美国的各种标准化考试。如果是托福考试，较好的学校通常要求90分以上，大部分学校的最低要求是80分。GRE考试如果能达到320分以上，是很优秀的分数。
4.1 GIS技术人员主要工作内容是？
通过OnetOnline列出的19项：
•Design or prepare graphic representations of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data, using GIS hardware or software applications.
•Analyze Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data to identify spatial relationships or display results of analyses, using maps, graphs, or tabular data.
•Maintain or modify existing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases.
•Enter data into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, using techniques such as coordinate geometry, keyboard entry of tabular data, manual digitizing of maps, scanning or automatic conversion to vectors, or conversion of other sources of digital data.
•Review existing or incoming data for currency, accuracy, usefulness, quality, or completeness of documentation.
•Perform geospatial data building, modeling, or analysis, using advanced spatial analysis, data manipulation, or cartography software.
•Design or coordinate the development of integrated Geographic Information Systems (GIS) spatial or non-spatial databases.
•Select cartographic elements needed for effective presentation of information.
•Provide technical support to users or clients regarding the maintenance, development, or operation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, equipment, or applications.
•Interpret aerial or ortho photographs.
•Recommend procedures or equipment or software upgrades to increase data accessibility or ease of use.
•Read current literature, talk with colleagues, continue education, or participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, equipment, or systems.
•Confer with users to analyze, configure, or troubleshoot applications.
•Transfer or rescale information from original photographs onto maps or other photographs.
•Analyze Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data for use in urban planning applications that promote better land use or reduce environmental impacts of development.
•Analyze Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data to determine the best locations for renewable energy sites, including solar or wind energy installations.
•Apply Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data in transportation routing settings to determine the best routing to reduce pollution or energy consumption.
•Confer with biologists or other researchers in the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data to define wildlife areas or corridors for land use planning.
•Participate in projects that map changes in carbon emissions levels across different geographic locations, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data.
1.2 .GIS专业常用到的technological skills？
老师们可以根据下面所列出的软件技能等指导学生进行提升
•Analytical or scientific software — Coordinate geometry COGO software; ESRI ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst; ESRI ArcGIS Spatial Analyst; Landmark GeoGraphix
•Application server software — ESRI ArcSDE
•Computer aided design CAD software — Autodesk AutoCAD ; Autodesk Land Desktop; Bentley Microstation ; Computer aided design and drafting software CADD
•Data base management system software — Microsoft SQL Server ; Relational database management system RDMS
•Data base reporting software — SAP BusinessObjects Crystal Reports
•Data base user interface and query software — Autodesk Topobase; ESRI ArcEditor; Microsoft Access ; Structured query language SQL
•Development environment software — C ; List processing language LISP; Microsoft .NET Framework ; Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications VBA
•Document management software — Adobe Systems Adobe Acrobat ; Microsoft Office SharePoint Server MOSS
•Electronic mail software — Email software
•Enterprise application integration software — Extensible markup language XML ; IBM WebSphere
•Enterprise resource planning ERP software — SAP
•Graphics or photo imaging software — Adobe Systems Adobe Illustrator ; Adobe Systems Adobe Photoshop ; Microsoft Visio
•Internet browser software — Web browser software
•Map creation software — ESRI ArcGIS software ; ESRI ArcIMS; ESRI ArcView; Trimble Pathfinder Office
•Mobile location based services software — Global positioning system GPS software
•Object or component oriented development software — Microsoft Visual C#; Microsoft Visual C++; Practical extraction and reporting language Perl ; Python
•Office suite software — Microsoft Office
•Operating system software — Job control language JCL
•Presentation software — Microsoft PowerPoint
•Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel
•Web platform development software — Autodesk MapGuide; Hypertext markup language HTML ; JavaScript ; Oracle JavaServer Pages JSP
•Word processing software — Microsoft Word
4.3 GIS产品透析
相信大家都很熟悉Edushi(E都市)和Google Earth这两款基于GIS开发的软件。
E都市作为三维仿真的网上交互性城市平台是基于WEB GIS和虚拟现实技术所实现，运用网络拓扑方法、数据库管理系统DBMS技术对城市实体的坐标储存、定位、搜索、属性信息存取进行数学建模，运用3D全景影象技术、图形引擎模型技术、短信SM即时互动技术，通过三维实景模拟的表现方式，无缝的集成城市电子地图、三维电子黄页、生活资讯、电子政务、同城电子商务、同城交友、虚拟社区等服务内容。E都市的建立和发展，开拓了全球WEB GIS行业应用的新方法和新思路，催生了一个新的技术领域，E都市模式已经成为事实的行业标准。
Google Earth采用的3D地图定位技术能够把Google Map上的最新卫星图片推向一个新水平。换个角度看，Google Earth的出现从一定程度上触动了中国测绘界。从一个侧面推动了GIS的应用化、社会化的发展。
