一直容貌焦虑觉得自己丑？你可能是病了……丨夜听双语-新东方前途出国

《老友记》中莫妮卡的扮演者，柯特妮·考克斯也曾如此。在接受《星期日泰晤士报》的采访时，柯特妮坦言，虽然如今的她不再介意容貌的改变与衰老，但此前她真的很难接受这一点。

In a recent interview with The Sunday Times Style, Courteney Cox explained that while she is comfortable now with changing and "looking older," she previously had a hard time with it.

柯特妮曾经热衷于面部填充，多次整容导致脸部变形。直到2017年，她声称所有的填充物都已溶解。她解释说，自己以前整容上瘾，听取了错误的建议，以至于越陷越深。

Courteney Cox said her prior cosmetic procedures left her "looking really strange." She was once a massive fan of fillers, but in 2017 she announced that she had them all dissolved. She explained she gradually becam‍e addicted to surgery and was taking advice from the wrong people.

“幻丑症” ，学名躯体变形障碍症 （BDD） ，是指外貌并不存在或仅有轻微缺陷，而患者想象、夸大自己存在缺陷，并由此产生痛苦的心理病症。

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), or body dysmorphia, is a mental health condition where a person spends a lot of time worrying about flaws in their appearance. These flaws are often unnoticeable to others.

“幻丑症”的成因尚不明确，可能是基因遗传，可能是大脑内分泌失调，也可能是过去的创伤经历在作祟。幼时被嘲笑、欺负或虐待过的人群，更容易得“幻丑症”。

It's not known exactly what causes BDD, but it might be associated with: genetics, a chemical imbalance in the brain, or a traumatic experience in the past. You may be more likely to develop BDD if you were teased, bullied or abused when you were a child.

有时，“幻丑症”还伴随着其他心理疾病，例如强迫症、广泛性焦虑症和进食障碍。

 

Some people with BDD also have another mental health condition, such as OCD, generalised anxiety disorder or an eating disorder.

· Worry a lot about a specific area of your body (particularly your face)

总担心自己的某个部位不好看（特别是面部）

· Spend a lot of time comparing your looks with other people's

经常拿自己的容貌与他人相比

· Look at yourself in mirrors a lot or avoid mirrors altogether

天天照镜子，或者一直回避照镜子

· Go to a lot of effort to conceal flaws – for example, by spending a long time combing your hair, applying make-up or choosing clothes

拼命掩饰自己的缺陷（例如长时间梳头、化妆、选衣服）

· Pick at your skin to make it "smooth"

为了面部“光洁”，挤掉脸上的痘痘

也许你会说：身边很多人都这样啊，这怎么就是病了？

事实上，格外关注外表、总看自己不顺眼等，只是BDD的初期症状。病情加重后，患者每时每刻都会因为“丑”而极度痛苦，甚至影响学业、工作与社交。

更可怕的是，近年来，BDD患者的自杀率大幅提高，约80%的患者表示自己曾有过自杀的念头，超过1/4的患者实施过自杀行为。

Individuals with BDD have a markedly increased risk for suicidality. Approximately 80% of those with BDD report that they have experienced suicidal thoughts, and about one in four or more have attempted suicide.

国际强迫症基金会的数据显示，普通人群中，BDD的患病率在1.7%到2.9%之间。这还只是保守估计，毕竟很多患者不愿向他人吐露病情。换句话说，每50人就至少有1人是BDD患者。

According to International OCD Foundation, Body Dysmorphic Disorder affects 1.7% to 2.9% of the general population — about 1 in 50 people. It’s possible that BDD may be even more common than this, because people with this disorder are often reluctant to reveal their BDD symptoms to others.

我们对自己实际外表的主观认识并不一定准确，而是受很多外在因素的影响，但BDD患者却只认为那些负面的评价是真实的，因而异常痛苦。

如果你对容貌有着超乎寻常的焦虑，你需要的绝不是整容，而是调整认知。这些方法或许可以帮助到你：

❶ 生物疗法

BDD有神经生物学 （neurobiology） 基础，可以“对症下药”，譬如服用舍曲林等抗抑郁药。

❷ 心理疗法

认知行为治疗 （cognitive behavioral therapy） 是较为普遍的治疗手段。一来要敢于暴露自己的“缺陷”，二来要避免与他人比较外貌。

 

❸ 社会疗法

也可以向亲朋好友‍求助，发掘自身优点，转移注意力。

正如世上没有两片完全相同的树叶，人的审美也应该是多元化的。审美本身也随着时代的变化而不断改变，这世上从来就没有绝对的“美”的标准。

双语君希望每个人能坦然接受自己的优点与缺陷，可以用积极健康的方式寻求改变，但不要为了追求所谓的“美”而迷失自我。镜子里那个真实的你，就很美。