美国留学专业与OPT到底有多大关系？-新东方前途出国

1.OPT: For students engaged in post-secondary schools or at conservatories. Twelve months of Regular OPT is available for each higher level of study. (For example a student may have 12 months for a bachelor’s degree and another 12 months for a master’s degree). OPT针对于受教于高等教育学校或音乐院校的学生。每个更高层次的学习都有12个月的常规OPT。例如，一个学生针对于学士学位会有12个月的OPT和针对于硕士学位还会再有12个月的OPT) 

2.Pre-Completion OPT: Any portion of OPT used before the student’s Program End Date. It may be part-time or full-time. 预完成OPT: 在学生的课程结束日期之前使用的OPT的任何部分。可以是兼职也可以是全职。 

3.Post-Completion OPT: Any portion of OPT used after the student’s Program End Date. It must be full-time. 完成后OPT: 学生课程结束后使用的OPT的任何部分。必须是全职的。 

4.24-month (STEM) OPT Extension: For students who majored in designated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) degrees approved by DHS. This type of OPT is a 24-month extension of OPT. 24个月(STEM) OPT延期:适用于由国土安全部批准的科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)专业的学生。这种类型的OPT是OPT后的24个月延伸。 

5.Cap-Gap OPT Extension: For students whose prospective employers filed a qualifying H-1B-cap subject petition. Cap-Gap OPT延期:适用于未来雇主提交了符合H - 1B申请的学生。 

Eligible F-1 students with STEM degrees who finish their program of study and participate in an initial period of regular post-completion OPT (often for 12 months) have the option to apply for a STEM OPT extension. Students may not apply for STEM OPT extensions during the 60-day grace period following an initial period of regular post-completion OPT. 

同时需要注意，具备STEM学位的F-1学生，如果完成了他们的学习计划，并在完成学业后的最初阶段(通常为12个月)参加了OPT，就可以选择申请STEM OPT延期。学生在完成学业后的60天宽限期内，不得申请延长STEM OPT课程。 

STEM：STEM is an acronym for the fields of science, technology, engineering and math. Discussion of STEM-related programs has become a presidential priority because too few college students are pursuing degrees in these fields. The U.S. Department of Labor expects that there will be 1.2 million job openings in STEM related fields by 2018, but there won’t be enough qualified graduates to fill them.STEM是科学、技术、工程和数学领域的缩写。讨论与stem相关的项目已经成为总统的优先事项，因为在这些领域攻读学位的大学生太少了。美国劳工部预计，到2018年，STEM相关领域将有120万个职位空缺，但没有足够的合格毕业生来填补这些空缺。 

To qualify for a 24-month STEM OPT extension, an F-1 student participating in an initial period of regular post-completion OPT must: 为了符合24个月的STEM OPT延期资格，F-1学生在完成学业后的第一阶段必须: 

●Have a degree in an eligible STEM field from a Student and Exchange Visitor Program-certified school that is accredited when the student submits their STEM OPT extension application to USCIS.在符合条件的STEM领域拥有学生和交换访问者项目认证学校的学位，该学校在学生向美国移民局提交STEM OPT延期申请时获得认证。 

●Pursue their STEM OPT extension through an employer that is enrolled in USCIS's E-Verify employment eligibility verification program.通过在USCIS的E-Verify就业资格验证项目中注册的雇主来延长他们的STEM OPT。 

●Select a STEM OPT employer that provides the student with formal training and learning objectives.选择一个STEM OPT雇主，为学生提供正式的培训和学习目标。 

●Work a minimum of 20 hours per week per employer.每个雇主每周至少工作20小时。 

DHS's STEM Designated Degree Program List includes all STEM fields qualifying an F-1 student for a STEM OPT extension. DHS determined a “STEM field” is a field included in the U.S. Department of Education's Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) taxonomy within the two-digit series containing engineering (CIP code 14), biological sciences (CIP code 26), mathematics (CIP code 27) and physical sciences (CIP code 40), or a related field. 

美国国土安全部的STEM指定学位项目列表包括所有符合F-1学生STEM选择扩展资格的STEM领域。美国国土安全部确定“STEM领域”是美国教育部教学计划分类(CIP code 14)分类法中包含工程(CIP code 14)、生物科学(CIP code 26)、数学(CIP code 27)和物理科学(CIP code 40)或相关领域的两位数系列中的一个领域。 

These newly added STEM designated-degree programs, including pharmaceutical sciences, econometrics and quantitative economics, qualify eligible graduates on student visas for an optional practical training (OPT) extension. 这些新增的STEM指定学位项目，包括药学、计量经济学和定量经济学，使持有学生签证的合格毕业生有资格获得可选的实践培训(OPT)延期 

所以，从上述官方信息来看，只要是在美完成高等教育以上的学生，不分专业都会获得至少12个月的OPT，且根据完成的学历不同，每完成一个层级的高等教育，就可以获得至少12个月的OPT。而STEM专业学生，在取得合格学位且满足雇主及实习时间要求的前提下，可以再延长24个月。STEM计划的实施为该专业的学生寻找工作或实习带来很大的帮助，在OPT实习期间，国际学生可有充裕的时间申请工作签证，转换移民身份。 

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