麻省理工学院举办“展望技术驱动移动的未来”讨论会-新东方前途出国

　　展望未来（和挑战）设计可负担得起的技术移动设备。

　　Camilla Brinkman | Edgerton Center

　　卡米拉·布林克曼|埃德格顿中心

　　November 1, 2019

　　2019年11月1日

　　In early October, the MIT International Design Center and the MIT Edgerton Center hosted a panel discussion on “Envisioning the Future of Technology-Enabled Mobility.”

　　10月初，麻省理工学院国际设计中心和麻省理工学院埃德格顿中心举办了一次小组讨论会，主题是“展望技术驱动移动的未来” 在线咨询

　　Moderated by Edgerton Center Director and Professor of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering J. Kim Vandiver, panelists included Robert Bond, chief technology officer of MIT Lincoln Laboratory; Dan Frey, professor of mechanical engineering and MIT D-Lab faculty research director; Neville Hogan, the Sun Jae Professor of Mechanical Engineering; and Jaya Narain, PhD candidate in mechanical engineering at the Fluid Interfaces Group in the MIT Media Lab.

　　由Edgerton中心主任兼海洋与机械工程教授J.Kim Vandiver主持，小组成员包括麻省理工学院林肯实验室首 席技术官Robert Bond、机械工程教授兼麻省理工学院D-Lab学院研究主任Dan Frey、Sun Jae机械工程教授Neville Hogan和JayaNarain，麻省理工学院媒体实验室流体界面组机械工程博士生。

　　Also on the panel was Sam Schmidt, a professional IndyCar driver paralyzed from the shoulders down after a racing crash. He thought he’d never drive again. But he did.

　　小组中还有萨姆·施密特，他是一位因赛车撞车而从肩膀以下瘫痪的英迪卡尔职业车手。他以为他再也不会开车了。但他做到了。

　　Schmidt attained a top speed of 192 mph on a jet runway driving a modified Chevrolet Corvette, the SAM car (Semi-Autonomous Motorcar), developed by Arrow Electronics. Wearing a headset connected to infrared cameras that detected his head rotation, Schmidt steered. He used a sip-and-puff device to accelerate and brake.

　　施密特在喷气式飞机跑道上以192英里/小时的最高时速驾驶着由阿罗电子公司开发的改良雪佛兰（Chevrolet）Corvette，即SAM汽车（半自动汽车）。施密特戴着一个与红外摄像机相连的耳机，可以检测到他的头部旋转。他用吸一口的装置来加速和刹车。 在线咨询

　　Harmonizing human and robotic movement

　　协调人与机器人的运动

　　According to Bond, one of the exoskeleton technology breakthroughs may soon be the integration of machine learning and microelectronics. “But it's also going to require a new actuator and new sensing technologies so that we can use machine learning to anticipate motion of the human, and then have the exoskeleton move in harmony with the human,” Bond said.

　　邦德认为，外骨骼技术的突破之一可能很快就是机器学习和微电子技术的集成。邦德说：“但这也需要一种新的执行器和新的传感技术，这样我们就可以利用机器学习来预测人类的运动，然后让外骨骼与人类和谐地运动。”。

　　“Earlier skeletal types of technologies were very awkward for people to use. And they almost worked against the human as they were trying to use it,” Bond added.

　　“早期的骨骼类型的技术对于人们来说使用起来非常困难。当他们试图使用它时，他们几乎对人类不利。

　　One of the challenges “in developing these technologies — for example, with exoskeletal devices — they have to respect what the human does, the natural cadences of human movement,” said Hogan. Exoskeletal devices, for instance, need to get the right mix of technology and human movement. To demonstrate, Hogan asked the audience to move their arm from point A to point B in exactly 60 seconds, essentially “roboticizing” their arm movement. It was impossible.

　　霍根说，其中一个挑战是“在开发这些技术的过程中——例如，利用外骨骼设备——他们必须尊重人类的行为，尊重人类运动的自然节奏。”。例如，外骨骼设备需要将技术和人体运动正确地结合起来。为了演示，霍根要求观众在60秒内将手臂从A点移动到B点，基本上是“机器人化”手臂运动。这是不可能的。

　　Meaningful connections

　　有意义的联系

　　Narain, who as an undergraduate co-founded ATHack, a two-week annual hackathon focused on assistive technologies, noted that the movement toward “do-it-yourself” technologies has played a valuable role in creating solutions for very specific needs.

　　Narain是一名本科生，他与人共同创办了一个为期两周的年度黑客大会ATHack，专注于辅助技术，他指出，“自己动手”技术的发展在为非常特殊的需求创建解决方案方面发挥了宝贵的作用。 在线咨询

　　Simple projects — rearview cameras for electric wheelchairs, braking mechanisms for walkers — have been built in hackathons, but “with 3D printers and Arduinos and things like Google's core app for machine learning, brain-computer interfaces, I think it's going to become a lot more feasible for people to kind of start taking technology and developing it for themselves and people they know,” said Narain.

　　简单的项目——电动轮椅的后视摄像头、步行者的刹车装置——都是在hackathons中构建的，但是“有了3D打印机和Arduinos以及谷歌的机器学习核心应用、脑-机接口，我认为，人们开始采用技术，为自己和认识的人开发技术，将变得更加可行。

　　What Narain finds inspiring is when students build relationships with the assistive-technology user. Students meet co-designers who propose a project. Students visit them at home, at work, where they're going to use the technology. “Maybe it's a basketball court. Maybe it's work. And when they have that rapport and that emotional connection, we found that those are the students who tend to stay in the space and continue with the project and other similar projects,” Narain said.

　　纳兰发现，当学生与辅助技术用户建立关系时，会给人以启发。学生会遇到提出项目的共同设计师。学生们在家里，在工作中，在他们将要使用这项技术的地方拜访他们。“也许是篮球场。也许是工作。当他们有这种融洽的关系和情感上的联系时，我们发现他们是那些倾向于呆在空间里继续进行项目和其他类似项目的学生。 在线咨询

　　Frey confirmed the sentiment. “If you present problems to students that are technologically challenging and socially relevant, the rest takes care of itself,” he said.

　　弗雷证实了这一观点。他说：“如果你向学生提出的问题在技术上具有挑战性，并且与社会相关，其他的问题会自行解决。”。

　　“Basically, you have to beat them off with sticks if there's social relevance there … there's no problem attracting students,” said Hogan.

　　霍根说：“基本上，如果有社会关联，你必须用棍子打他们……吸引学生没问题。”。

　　Extreme affordability

　　极端负担能力

　　Schmidt notes that “maybe only 10 percent or 15 percent of the population of people with disabilities can afford a $60,000 [semi-autonomous] minivan … There's a lot of people not getting out of their houses because of the limitations.”

　　施密特指出，“也许只有10%或15%的残疾人能买得起价值6万美元（半自动）的面包车……因为这些限制，很多人无法走出家门。”

　　Vandiver, who had visited Jaipur Foot in India, a maker of prostheses with a reported 1.78 million beneficiaries, asked, “How do we see that people who live on the extreme affordability side of the world benefit from some of the things that we're thinking about here?”

　　Vandiver曾访问过印度斋浦尔的一家义肢生产商，据报道有178万受益人，他问：“我们如何看待生活在世界上负担得起的极端人群从我们正在考虑的一些事情中获益？” 在线咨询

　　Frey pointed out “that a huge proportion of this planet cannot pay a lot for the technologies. And the vast majority of all commercial engineering is focused on relatively few people.”

　　弗雷指出：“这个星球上有很大一部分人不能为这些技术付出太多的代价。而绝大多数商业工程都集中在相对较少的人身上。”

　　One of the Lincoln Laboratory projects was challenging people to build prosthetics using 3D printers, “feet and hands and things of that sort. And what they kind of stumbled onto was, for young children who are growing up that need a limb, basically, they're growing and growing and growing. And they can't afford to continually replace that limb. But if you can codify a scalable and quickly manufacturable [one] with a 3D-printed prosthetic, they can just go print a new one a month later that fits them again,” said Bond.

　　林肯实验室的一个项目是向人们提出挑战，让他们使用3D打印机、“脚和手以及诸如此类的东西”来制作假肢。他们偶然发现的是，对于那些成长中需要四肢的孩子来说，基本上，他们在成长，成长，成长。他们负担不起不断更换那根树枝。但如果你能用3D打印的假肢编出一个可扩展的、快速制造的假肢，他们一个月后就可以再打印一个新的假肢了。

　　“It's not the best. It doesn't perform as well as the really high-tech ones,” Bond added. “But you get to refit it every month if you need to. So we should be thinking about how these new manufacturing technologies can just help us in doing things that might seem rather simple, but I think could have huge impact.”

　　“这不是最好的。它的表现不如真正的高科技公司，”邦德补充说。“但如果需要的话，你可以每个月重新装修。因此，我们应该考虑这些新的制造技术如何帮助我们做看似简单的事情，但我认为可能会产生巨大的影响。” 在线咨询

　　Toward the future

　　面向未来

　　Frey suggested using a related technology with a large market, such as cellphones, as the core of assistive technology. “As in, find something that already has a big market and kind of piggyback onto it,” he said.

　　弗雷建议使用一种市场很大的相关技术，如手机，作为辅助技术的核心。他说：“和以前一样，找到一个已经有很大市场的东西，然后把它背上。”。

　　The event gave everyone an opportunity to network and consider ways to collaborate further; many numbers were exchanged. And, at the end, everyone had the chance to look under the hood of semi-autonomous technology in action — the SAM car parked in the Edgerton Center’s Area 51 garage.

　　这次活动使每个人都有机会建立关系网，并考虑进一步合作的方式；交换了许多号码。最后，每个人都有机会在半自主技术的作用下寻找——停在埃德格顿中心51区车库里的萨姆汽车。