三位加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究人员获得了国家卫生研究院主任奖的最高荣誉-新东方前途出国

　　Three UC San Diego Researchers Receive Top Honors with NIH Director's Awards

　　三位加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究人员获得了国家卫生研究院主任奖的最高荣誉 在线咨询

　　San Diego, Calif., Oct. 1, 2019 -- Three University of California San Diego researchers have received prestigious awards through the National Institutes of Health (NIH) High-Risk, High-Reward Research Program.

　　加州圣迭戈，2019年10月1日——三位加州大学圣迭戈分校的研究人员通过美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）高风险、高回报的研究项目获得了声望很高的奖项。

　　These awards, supported by the NIH Common Fund, were created to support unconventional approaches to major challenges in biomedical and behavioral research. The awards are given to exceptionally creative scientists proposing high-risk, high-impact research at all career stages.

　　这些奖项由美国国立卫生研究院共同基金资助，旨在支持非传统方法应对生物医学和行为研究领域的重大挑战。这些奖项颁发给那些在职业生涯各个阶段提出高风险、高影响力研究的极具创造力的科学家。

　　Rob Knight, a professor of pediatrics in the UC San Diego School of Medicine, professor of bioengineering and computer science and engineering in the Jacobs School of Engineering and director of the UC San Diego Center for UC San Diego Center for Microbiome Innovation, was awarded the Pioneer Award. This award was established to encourage researchers at all career levels “to pursue new research directions and develop groundbreaking, high-impact approaches” to broaden their field and explore new research opportunities.

　　罗布·奈特，加州大学圣地亚哥医学院儿科教授，雅各布斯工程学院生物工程和计算机科学与工程教授，加州大学圣地亚哥分校微生物群创新中心主任，被授予先锋奖设立该奖项的目的是鼓励所有职业水平的研究人员“追求新的研究方向，开发突破性的、高影响力的方法，拓宽他们的领域，探索新的研究机会。 在线咨询

　　Shadi Dayeh, a professor of electrical and computer engineering in the Jacobs School of Engineering, and Omar Akbari, associate professor of cell and developmental biology in the Divison of Biological Sciences, were both awarded the New Innovator Award. This award honors early career scientists and supports their efforts to conduct trailblazing new research in the biomedical sciences.

　　雅各布斯工程学院电子与计算机工程教授沙迪·戴耶和生物科学部细胞与发育生物学副教授奥马尔·阿克巴里都获得了新创新者奖。这个奖项表彰早期的职业科学家，并支持他们在生物医学领域进行开创性的新研究。

　　"UC San Diego fosters a collaborative research environment, where faculty are encouraged to take risks, innovate, and change the world,” said UC San Diego Chancellor Pradeep K. Khosla. “By learning how microbes affect health, how vector-borne diseases are transmitted, and how the brain is structured, these three faculty members are working to improve health and enrich human life and society. I’m looking forward to seeing their breakthroughs make a difference."

　　坎特伯雷大学圣地亚哥分校校长普拉迪普K.科斯拉（Pradeep K.Khosla）说：“坎特伯雷大学圣地亚哥分校培养了一个合作研究环境，鼓励教师们承担风险、创新和改变世界。”“通过学习微生物如何影响健康，媒介传播疾病如何传播，以及大脑是如何构造的，这三位教师正在努力改善健康，丰富人类生活和社会我期待着看到他们的突破带来改变。”

　　Rob Knight

　　罗布·奈特

　　Knight joined the UC San Diego faculty in 2015. His work is focused on understanding the multitude of ways in which microbes affect our daily lives, from their presence in and on our bodies and how they are involved with disease to how they play roles in diverse ecosystems around the world. His lab uses advanced DNA sequencing and computational techniques to analyze and understand microbial communities.

　　奈特于2015年加入加州大学圣地亚哥分校他的工作重点是了解微生物影响我们日常生活的多种方式，从它们在我们体内和身体上的存在，以及它们如何与疾病有关，到它们如何在世界各地不同的生态系统中发挥作用他的实验室使用先进的DNA测序和计算技术来分析和理解微生物群落。

　　With funding from the Pioneer Award, Knight will work on new, integrative approaches for studying how the gut microbiome can be optimized to help prevent and treat infections. Changes in microbial activity in the gut can impact organs throughout the body, with dramatic health effects. Knight plans to develop methods for mapping the interactions between dietary inputs, gut bacteria and immune response to better understand how diet influences immune system function, generating new opportunities for promoting a healthy microbiome and treating infections.

　　在先锋奖的资助下，奈特将致力于研究如何优化肠道微生物群以帮助预防和治疗感染的新的综合方法肠道微生物活性的变化会影响全身器官，对健康产生巨大影响。奈特计划开发方法，绘制饮食输入、肠道细菌和免疫反应之间的相互作用，以更好地了解饮食如何影响免疫系统功能，为促进健康微生物群和治疗感染创造新的机会。 在线咨询

　　Prior to joining UC San Diego, Knight was a faculty member at the University of Colorado, Boulder, where he worked on such projects as profiling the microbes found in the saliva of komodo dragons to support conservation efforts and understanding the differences in the microbiomes of babies born via cesarean section or delivered vaginally. His team has also developed a number of bioinformatics and laboratory tools to support the study of microbiomes, generating resources for scientists around the world.

　　在加入加州大学圣地亚哥分校之前，奈特是科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的一名教员，他曾参与过一些项目，如对科莫多龙唾液中发现的微生物进行分析，以支持保护工作，并了解通过剖腹产或经阴道分娩的婴儿的微生物群的差异。他的团队还开发了一些生物信息学和实验室工具来支持微生物组的研究，为世界各地的科学家提供资源。

　　Knight’s work has garnered a number of accolades, including the 2017 Massry Prize and the 2015 Vilcek Prize in Creative Promise for the Life Sciences. He has co-founded several citizen science efforts to support microbiome studies, including the Earth Microbiome Project and the American Gut Project. He is author of Follow Your Gut: The Enormous Impact of Tiny Microbes and co-author of Dirt is Good: The Advantage of Germs for Your Child’s Developing Immune System, books to help non-scientists understand the importance of a healthy microbiome.

　　奈特的作品获得了许多荣誉，包括2017年的Massry奖和2015年的Vilcek生命科学创意承诺奖。他与人共同创立了几项支持微生物组学研究的公民科学项目，包括地球微生物组学项目和美国肠道项目他是《跟随你的直觉：微小微生物的巨大影响》一书的作者，也是《污垢是好的：细菌对孩子发展免疫系统的优势》一书的合著者，该书帮助非科学家了解健康微生物群的重要性。

　　Dayeh, who joined UC San Diego in 2012, explores new nanofabrication techniques to build neural probes capable of mapping activity in individual neurons as well as across the entire human brain. The devices feature materials that are orders of magnitude thinner, more sensitive, flexible and less damaging to the brain than existing clinical devices.

　　Dayeh于2012年加入加州大学圣地亚哥分校，他探索了新的纳米制造技术，以构建能够在单个神经元以及整个人类大脑中定位活动的神经探针。这些装置的特征是比现有的临床设备更薄、更灵敏、更灵活、对大脑的损伤更小。

　　Funding from the New Innovator Award will enable Dayeh and colleagues to develop new brain mapping technologies that can better guide neurosurgeons to remove brain tumors and epileptogenic tissue more precisely without damaging healthy brain tissue. In this project, researchers aim to develop a next-generation version of a clinical tool called an electrode grid, which is a plastic- or silicone-based grid of electrodes placed directly on the surface of the brain during surgery to monitor the activity of large groups of neurons.

　　新创新者奖的资助将使Dayeh和他的同事能够开发新的大脑定位技术，更好地指导神经外科医生在不损害健康脑组织的情况下更精确地切除脑肿瘤和致痫组织。在这个项目中，研究人员的目标是开发一种新一代的临床工具，称为电极网格，这是一种基于塑料或硅胶的电极网格，在手术过程中直接放置在大脑表面，用于监测大量神经元的活动。 在线咨询

　　The new electrode grid that Dayeh proposes will be integrated with high-resolution, colored light displays to essentially color code fine cortical activity and structures in the brain. This type of device will provide immediate visual feedback to the operating neurosurgeon, making it possible to perform neurosurgery resections at higher precision, in a shorter time frame and with potentially reduced risk to the patients.

　　dayeh提出的新电极网格将与高分辨率的彩色光显示器相结合，基本上对大脑皮层的精细活动和结构进行彩色编码。这类设备将为手术神经外科医生提供即时的视觉反馈，使其能够在更短的时间内以更高的精度进行神经外科手术，并可能降低患者的风险。

　　Dayeh’s research spans expertise in materials science, electrical engineering and electrochemistry, and he works with experts from multiple fields, including neurosurgery, neuroscience and neurophysiology. His primary collaborator on this project is Sydney Cash, MD, PhD, at Massachusetts General Hospital. In previous projects, he has collaborated with clinicians at Jacobs Medical Center at UC San Diego Health, Brigham Women’s Hospital (Boston), Massachusetts General Hospital and Oregon Health and Sciences University. His lab efforts in the last few years enabled clinical research studies for first-in-human electrophysiological recordings with hundreds to thousands of channels.

　　戴耶的研究涵盖了材料科学、电气工程和电化学等领域的专业知识，他与来自神经外科、神经科学和神经生理学等多个领域的专家合作他在这个项目上的主要合作者是悉尼卡什，医学博士，麻省总医院的博士在之前的项目中，他曾与加州大学圣地亚哥分校健康雅各布斯医学中心、布里汉姆女子医院（波士顿）、马萨诸塞州总医院和俄勒冈健康与科学大学的临床医生合作。在过去几年里，他的实验室努力使临床研究成为人类电生理记录中的第一项，记录了数百到数千个通道。

　　Omar Akbari

　　奥马尔·阿克巴里

　　Akbari joined UC San Diego in 2017. A member of the Division of Biological Sciences’ Section of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Akbari conducts research in the development of novel, genetically based solutions to mosquito-borne disease transmission. Akbari is a leading expert in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, also known as “yellow fever mosquitoes,” which can also spread Zika, dengue and chikungunya — diseases with no effective vaccines. With billions of people at risk of infection from such vector-borne diseases, the immense health and economic burden warrants urgent responses through technologically based strategies.

　　阿克巴里于2017年加入加州大学圣地亚哥分校。阿克巴里是细胞与发育生物学生物科学部和塔塔遗传学与社会研究所的成员，负责研究开发新的、基于基因的蚊子传播疾病解决方案阿克巴里是埃及伊蚊（又名“黄热病蚊子”）的主要专家，这种蚊子也可以传播兹卡、登革热和基孔肯雅病，但没有有效的疫苗由于数以十亿计的人有感染这种媒介传播疾病的危险，巨大的健康和经济负担需要通过以技术为基础的战略作出紧急反应。 在线咨询

　　Funding through the New Innovator Award will allow Akbari to foster new technologies that sustainably prevent vector-borne disease transmission. He plans to develop strategies for replacing populations of disease-carrying mosquitoes through CRISPR gene editing, by creating synthetic sensors that recognize viruses and trigger antivirus responses. The envisioned strategy would be the first steps toward creating an adaptive immune system for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

　　通过“新创新者奖”提供的资金将使阿克巴里能够培育可持续地防止病媒传播疾病的新技术。他计划通过crispr基因编辑，通过创建识别病毒并触发抗病毒反应的合成传感器，来开发替代携带疾病蚊子种群的策略。设想的策略将是建立埃及伊蚊适应性免疫系统的第一步。

　　Akbari also leads a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) project that is developing gene drive technologies to combat disease-carrying mosquitoes in California. He and his colleagues recently developed the first gene drive targeting the fruit fly Drosophila suzukii, an agricultural pest that has invaded much of the United States and caused millions of dollars in damage to high-value berry and other fruit crops. He also has developed a novel CRISPR-based control system that enables the generation of sterile males and hopes to develop this technology in disease vectors and agricultural pests. Using this technology, Akbari recently cofounded a new biotechnology startup company in San Diego named Agragene.

　　阿克巴里还领导了美国国防高级研究计划署（DARPA）的一个项目，该项目正在开发基因驱动技术，以打击加州携带疾病的蚊子他和他的同事最近开发出了第一种针对果蝇的基因驱动器铃木果蝇（Drosophila suzukii），这是一种入侵美国大部分地区并对高价值浆果和其他水果作物造成数百万美元损失的农业害虫他还开发了一种新的基于CRISPR的控制系统，能够产生不育的雄性，并希望在疾病载体和农业害虫中开发这项技术利用这项技术，阿克巴里最近在圣地亚哥联合成立了一家新的生物技术初创公司，名为Agragene。