去美国读医学研究生难在哪:
1、很多学校的医学专业不对国际学生开放,尤其是临床医学这样的专业,美国不是非常愿意花钱训练外国人做医生。一般国际学生只可以读生命伦理与人文、比较医学、检验医学、医学教育、康复医学,以及生物化学、生物工程、生物分子结构与设计、基因组科学、免疫学、微生物学、分子和细胞生物学、神经生物学和行为、病理学、药理学、生理学和生物物理学等基础学科。
2、美国医学院新生的录取率极低。比如哈佛大学医学院的新生录取率大约为百分之三。换言之,那些完全符合哈佛大学医学院十分苛刻名目繁多的入学条件的申请人中只有大约百分之三的幸运者能被录取。
3、医学院的学费十分昂贵,一般每年是六万多美元。学好了4年的医学院的时候,99% 的学生都有了一屁股的债- >$200,000
4、医学4年完了要实习(residency)2年或者更长时间,实习之后还要再做2-5年住院医才能取得行医执照。一般中国的医学本科毕业生从考上美国的医学院起到熬出来自己当医生,起码要10年的时间
5、考MCAT ,要上美国医学院的必需的考试,分数要在30分以上。
去美国读医学研究生目前的出路是考托福、考GRE,去学生物学化学、医学化学、基础医学硕士博士,而且大量的人在霍普金斯这样的学校拿到了学位。美国永远需要中国的医生去做医学研究,这条路是敞开的
如果下定决心去美国读临床,那么首先你要考MCAT, 大学二年级起,寒暑假及周末就应当开始准备MCAT考试。大学三年级必须考完MCAT,同时准备好并寄出所有申请材料。大学四年级,就得为面试而四处奔走。大学毕业前夕,就可得到医学院的录取信。并在大学毕业的同年就读医学院。记住要和你的BIOLOGY和CHEMISTRY的教授保持好的关系, 你将来需要他们为你写推荐信的。
去美国读医学研究生必须有学士学位才能入读,毕业后就是MD(medical doctor),只有specialization,没有什么硕士研究生的说法(如果是牙科,要上专门的dental school)。如果搞医学方面的研究,可以直接读硕士/博士(有时也可能是在医学院),但不是MD,毕业后是在医院的实验室、研究所工作,以research为主,做不了临床医生。
所以适合这位同学的专业有这些,我整理了下,你可以参考下:
美国大学家和护肤专业 Esthetician and Skin Care
美学家和护肤专业由持牌美容师及皮肤护理专家教导学生学习个人清洗,脱毛,按摩和美化人体。课程包括:皮肤解剖,生理学和健康营养的原则,消毒和感染控制,健康和安全,面部和全身按摩,身体包覆和水疗,临时脱毛包括打蜡,颜色和皮肤分析,客户咨询和护理,适用法律和法规,商业惯例,替代愈合方案。
This curriculum trains inpiduals to cleanse. depilate. massage. and beautify the human body and to function as licensed estheticians and skin care specialists. This includes course topics in: skin anatomy. physiology. and health; principles of nutrition; decontamination and infection control; health and safety; facial and body massage; body wrapping and spa treatments; temporary hair removal including waxing and tweezing; color and skin analysis; client consultation and care; applicable laws and regulations; business practices; and sometimes related alternative healing regimens.
美国大学公共健康专业 Public Health
公共健康专业教导学生如何计划,管理和评估公共医疗服务。毕业学生可以成为公共机构,私营部门的公共卫生专业人员,或在公共卫生领域从事管理工作。课程主要包括:流行病学,生物统计学,公众健康基础,预防医学,卫生政策和法规,保健服务和有关行政职能,公共卫生执法,卫生经济学和预算,公众的沟通,和相关专业标准
A general curriculum that teaches students to plan. manage. and evaluate public health care services; to function as public health professionals in public agencies. the private sector. and other settings; and to provide leadership in the field of public health. Course topics include: epidemiology. biostatistics. public health principles. preventive medicine. health policy and regulations. health care services and related administrative functions. public health law enforcement. health economics and budgeting. public communications. and professional standards and ethics.
美国大学公共健康研究专业 Public Health Studies
公共健康研究专业适用于管理和评估公共医疗服务,毕业生可以作为公共机构,私营部门和其他机构的公共卫生专业人员或管理人员。课程包括:流行病学,生物统计学,公众健康基础,预防医学,卫生政策和法规,保健服务和有关行政职能,公共卫生执法,卫生经济学和预算,公众的沟通,健康行为,市民健康,孕产妇和儿童健康,国际公共卫生以及保健物理学。
A program that generally prepares inpiduals to plan. manage. and evaluate public health care services; to function as public health professionals in public agencies. the private sector. and other settings; and to provide leadership in the field of public health. Includes instruction in epidemiology. biostatistics. public health principles. preventive medicine. health policy and regulations. health care services and related administrative functions. public health law enforcement. health economics and budgeting. public communications. and professional standards and ethics. Subsets include: behavioral aspects of health. public health. maternal and child health. international public health as well as health physics among others.
美国大学生物工程与生物医学工程专业 Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering
生物工程与生物医学工程专业主要学习利用数学和科学,来设计生物医学卫生系统,集成生物医学系统,开发仪器仪表,运营医疗信息系统,人造器官及假肢,健康管理和保健服务系统。
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering students employ mathematical rules to the design. development and operational evaluation of biomedical and health systems and products such as integrated biomedical systems. instrumentation. medical information systems. artificial organs and prostheses. and health management and care delivery systems.
美国大学生物医学技术专业 Biomedical Technician
生物医学技术专业学生主要学习产品基本原则和技术技能,致力于开发生物医疗系统。主要课程包括:仪器校准、设计和安装测试、系统安全与维护、采购和安装程序以及报告的编写。
Students in this major are prepared to engage basic engineering principles and technical skills in support of engineers engaged in developing biological or medical systems and products. Some course topics may include: instrument calibration. design and installation testing. system safety and maintenance procedures. procurement and installation procedures. and report preparation.
美国大学社区卫生和预防医学专业 Community Health and Preventive Medicine
社区卫生和预防医学专业的学生可以在医院或其他卫生保健设施和组织中与其他医护专业人员合作。课程包括:临床看诊技巧,干预治疗策略,病人的测试和评估,病人及家庭辅导,社会康复,病人护理计划,医疗纪录和医疗支持服务联系。
Community heath and preventive medicine students work with public health specialists to plan and manage health services in local community settings. including the coordination of related support services. government agencies. and private resources. This includes instruction in public health. community health services and delivery. health behavior and cultural factors. local government operations. human services. health communication and promotion. health services administration in local settings. environmental health. preventive and comparative medicine. epidemiology. biostatistics. family and community health. and applicable law and regulations.
美国大学药理学专业 Pharmacology
药理学专业主要研究药物相互作用的化学性质、生物效应,以及药物的治疗用途。主要课程包括:药效学指令、药代动力学、毒理学、药物疗法、药物作用、身体反应药物事件、生化增殖和分化、细胞凋亡、细胞生物学、药物化学、药物相互作用学。
Pharmacology students learn drug interactions on biological systems and organisms and the sources. chemical properties. biological effects. and therapeutic uses of drugs. Includes instruction in pharmacodynamics. pharmacokinetics. toxicology. drug therapeutics. drug action. bodily responses to drug events. biochemical proliferation and differentiation. apoptosis. cell biology. medicinal chemistry. and studies of specific drugs and drug interactions.
美国大学生物化学与分子生物学专业 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
生物化学和分子生物学主要研究生物系统的化学性质、它们的基本的化学物质和反应以及化学途径和信息传输系统,其中特别提到碳水化合物。蛋白质。血脂。和核酸。主要课程包括:生物有机化学指标、蛋白质化学、生物分析化学、生物分离、监管生物化学、酶学、荷尔蒙化学、量热学、研究方法和设备的操作。
Biochemistry and molecular biology students study the chemistry of living systems. their fundamental chemical substances and reactions. and their chemical pathways and information transfer systems. with particular reference to carbohydrates. proteins. lipids. and nucleic acids. It includes instruction in bio-organic chemistry. protein chemistry. bioanalytical chemistry. bioseparations. regulatory biochemistry. enzymology. hormonal chemistry. calorimetry. and research methods and equipment operation.
美国大学分子生物学专业 Molecular Biology
分子生物学主要研究生物分子的结构和功能以及细胞的分子组成和作用。主要课程包括:分子信号转导、细胞生长调节、酶的作用机制、 DNA -蛋白质相互作用及其应用、生物技术、遗传学、细胞生物学和生理学。
This curriculum focuses on the scientific study of the structure and function of biological macromolecules and the role of molecular constituents and mechanisms in supramolecular assemblies and cells. Course instruction includes such topics as molecular signaling and transduction. regulation of cell growth. enzyme substrates and mechanisms of enzyme action. DNA-protein interaction. and applications to fields such as biotechnology. genetics. cell biology. and physiology.
美国大学医务检验技术专业 Medical Laboratory Technician
医务检验技术专业主要学习在临床实验室科学家或医疗技术人员的监督下,执行日常医疗实验室程序和测试,和记录和分析数据。主要课程包括:一般实验室操作规程和技能,实验室数学,医疗计算机应用,人际和沟通技巧,血液学基本原则,医学微生物学,免疫血液学,免疫学,临床化学以及尿液分析。
This program prepares students. under the supervision of clinical laboratory scientists/medical technologists. to perform routine medical laboratory procedures and tests and to apply preset strategies to record and analyze data. Major course topics include: general laboratory procedures and skills; laboratory mathematics; medical computer applications; interpersonal and communications skills; and the basic principles of hematology. medical microbiology. immunohematology. immunology. clinical chemistry. and urinalysis.
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