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临床医学核心课题：治疗骨折的新型骨软骨组织修复工具探究
开课时间 (Starting Date): 2022-07-16
课时安排 (Duration): 7周在线小组科研+5周论文辅导
适合年级 (Grade): 高中生/大学生
适合专业 (Major): 对临床医学、生物学、老年医学、生物医药工程、骨伤科学感兴趣或者希望修读相关专业的学生；学生需要具备生物学科基础知识
7周在线小组科研学习+5周论文指导学习 共125课时+不限时论文指导
学术报告
优秀学员获主导师Reference Letter
EI/CPCI/Scopus/ProQuest/Crossref/EBSCO或同等级别索引国际会议全文投递与发表指导（可用于申请）
结业证书
成绩单
随着预期寿命的延长，骨质疏松症的流行以及高水平运动员骨软骨损伤的增加，产生了对骨软骨组织替代的高需求。临床医生治疗需要骨软骨置换患者要么用取自尸体的同源组织替换患病的骨软骨组织，要么从患者身体的其他部分提取组织。这两种方法带来了许多挑战，包括匹配的供体的稀缺性、潜在的移植排斥反应、从患者身体的=其他部位取组织时的不便。为了克服这些障碍，临床医生和科学家从过去十年开始合作，创造出可以在手术室使用的人工组织。然而，由于组织结构的复杂性，人工组织的开发非常困难。而新型人造组织采用生物相容性材料制成，为骨软骨置换提供了新的思路。
本项目将使学生了解临床医生目前用于骨软骨置换的最前沿方法，本项目将从肌肉骨骼系统入手，分析肌肉骨骼功能，探究年轻运动员的骨质疏松症、骨关节炎和主要损伤类型。研究骨骼和软骨中骨细胞、成骨细胞和破骨细胞在人类衰老中的动态过程。以此提出血管生成对组织形成和整合的要求，实现骨软骨组织修复的临床工具的研发。并将这种新型治疗材料应用到临床实验中，带领学生分析传统骨软骨组织置换策略的优点和缺点（使用来自自愿捐赠者或自己患者的组织）、适合骨软骨置换的人工组织的临床要求、植入手术和术后随访、植入后恢复日常活动：患者之间的差异等。学生将在项目结束时，提交项目报告，进行成果展示。
个性化研究课题参考：
再生医学（心脏病发作后心脏组织再生的新方法）
健康老龄化和延长寿命（使人体组织恢复活力的策略，有可能活到 150 岁以上吗？）
组织工程（如何使用智能材料通过诱导干细胞分化为不同谱系来创造新组织）
将合成生物学与再生医学相结合（创造可用于创造新器官和组织的新原核生物）
This project will expose students to the cutting-edge methods currently used by clinicians for osteochondral replacement, starting with the musculoskeletal system, analyzing musculoskeletal function, and exploring osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and major injury types in young athletes. The dynamic process of osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone and cartilage in human aging were studied. Next, the requirements of angiogenesis for tissue formation and integration are proposed, and the development of clinical tools for osteochondral tissue repair is analyzed. By using this therapeutic material to clinical experiments, the professor leads students to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of traditional osteochondral tissue replacement strategies (using tissue from voluntary donors or own patients), clinical requirements for artificial tissue suitable for osteochondral replacement, Implant surgery and postoperative follow-up, return to daily activities after implantation: differences between patients, etc. At the end of the project, students will submit a project report and present their results.
Suggested Future Research Fields:
Regenerative medicine (i.e. new approaches to regenerate cardiac tissue after heart attack)
Healthy aging and increasing lifespan (i.e. Strategies to rejuvenate human tissues. Could it possible to live more than 150 years?)
Tissue engineering (i.e. how to use smart materials to create new tissues by inducing the differentiation of stem cells into different lineages)
Merging synthetic biology with regenerative medicine (i.e. to create new prokaryotic organisms that can be used to create new organs and tissues)
Dr. Armando is a reader in the Department of Bioengineering at Imperial College London with an academic record of over 16 years in both basic and applied research. Dr. Armando spent five years as a postdoctoral researcher in cell biology and biophysics at Columbia University, followed by three years as an assistant professor at Columbia University. He stared his independent career in 2012, when he briefly held a Lecturer position (equivalent to US Assistant Professor) at the CRUK Centre of Excellence Barts Cancer Institute in London (UK). In 2013, he joined the Department of Bioengineering at Imperial College London as a Senior Lecturer and achieved tenure in 2014. Currently, he is Reader in Cellular and Molecular Mechanotransduction. As a group leader, he continued exploring the mechanisms that underpin multiple diseases including tissue repair, fibrosis and cancer. Dr. Armando has published more than 60 peer-reviewed articles in top international journals such as Science, Nature, Nature Materials, Nature Communications, PLoS Biology, Hepatology, Oncogene, EMBO Reports, and PNAS.
Armando 导师现为帝国理工大学生物工程系终身教授，在基础和应用研究领域拥有超过 16 年的学术记录。Armando 导师在哥伦比亚大学进行了为期五年的细胞生物学和生物物理学博士后研究员工作，随后在哥伦比亚大学担任助理教授3 年。 2012 年开始独立职业生涯，曾在伦敦CRUK 卓越中心 Barts Cancer Institute 短暂担任讲师职位（相当于美国助理教授）。 2013年，他加入伦敦帝国理工学院生物工程系担任高级讲师，并于2014年获得终身教职。目前，他的研究方向为多种疾病的机制，包括组织修复、纤维化和癌症。Armando 导师 在 Science、Nature、Nature Materials、Nature Communications、PLoS Biology、Hepatology、Oncogene、EMBO 报告和 PNAS 等国际顶级期刊上发表了 60 多篇同行评审文章。
帝国理工学院（Imperial College London)位于英国伦敦，是一所主攻理学、工学、医学和商学的世界顶尖公立研究型大学。帝国理工学院是世界最具创新力大学之一，与剑桥大学、牛津大学、伦敦大学学院、伦敦政治经济学院并成为“G5超级精英大学”，在2019年QS世界大学排名位列第8，英国第3。化学工程在世界范围内享有盛誉。
肌肉骨骼系统简介，年轻运动员的骨质疏松症、骨关节炎和主要损伤类型 Introduction to musculoskeletal system; Osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and main types of injuries in young athletes
骨骼和软骨的生物学，骨细胞、成骨细胞和破骨细胞。它们在人类衰老过程中的动态The Biology of the Bone and Cartilage; Osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Their dynamics across human aging
干细胞分化生物学，干细胞和新血管的形成。血管生成对组织形成和整合的要求 The Biology of Stem Cell Differentiation; Stem cells and the formation of new vessels. Requirement of Angiogenesis for tissue formation and integration
骨软骨组织修复的临床工具， 骨软骨组织置换的临床前研究 Clinical tools for osteochondral tissue repair; Preclinical studies for osteochondral tissue replacement
项目回顾和成果展示 Program Review and Presentation
论文辅导 Project Deliverables Tutoring
