以下题目的难度是根据AST OG设置的，1-9题每题10分，10题每问5分，共100分。

1. Which of the following descriptions of organic molecules in cells is correct？

A. The monomer of starch and glycogen is glucose.

B. Five different nucleotides are the monomers of an RNA molecules.

C. Proteins are composed solely of elements C, H, O and N.

D. The monomer of lipid is cholesterol.

2. A cell from the leaf of the aquatic plant Elodea was soaked in a 15 percent sugar solution, and its contents soon separated from the cell wall and formed a mass in the center of the cell. All of the following statements are true about this event EXCEPT:

A. The vacuole lost water and became smaller

B. The space between the cell wall and the cell membrane expanded

C. The large vacuole contained a solution with much lower water potential than that of the sugar solution

D. The concentration of solutes in the extracellular environment is hypertonic with respect to the cell’s interior

3. In minks, the gene for brown fur (B) is dominant over the gene for silver fur (b). Which set of genotypes represents a cross that could produce offspring with silver fur from parents that both have brown fur?

A. BB × BB

B. BB × Bb

C. Bb × Bb

D. Bb × bb

4. Which of the following physiological functions is not performed by human skin?

A. Excretion

B. Immune response

C. Thermoregulation

D. Gas exchange

5. Females with Turner’s syndrome have a high incidence of hemophilia, a recessive, X-linked trait. Based on this information, it can be inferred that females with this condition:

A. have an extra X chromosome

B. have an extra Y chromosome

C. have one less X chromosome than normal

D. have one less Y chromosome than normal

6. Immediately after the translation of methionine, a chemical is added which deletes all remaining uracil nucleotides in the mRNA. Which of the following represents the resulting amino acid sequence?

A. Serine–histidine–serine–threonine

B. Methionine–proline–glutamine–histidine

C. Methionine–proline–leucine–alanine–arginine

D. Methionine–proline–alanine–arginine–arginine

7. The diagram shows the subordination of ecosystem, community, population and individual.

Which of the following statements is correct?

A. a is the basic unit of biological evolution.

B. After reaching the environmental capacity, the quantity of b should not fluctuate.

C. c is composed of producers and consumers.

D. The diversity of d is affected by an inorganic environment.

8. Antibiotic resistance occurs when drugs or chemicals used to treat an illness become less effective. Some varieties of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have become resistant to the antibiotic penicillin. Which of the following best explains how the bacteria became resistant?

A. The bacteria experienced hybrid vigor through gaining improved traits from their parents.

B. Through natural selection, bacteria with a random mutation that provided resistance survived and multiplied to create more bacteria.

C. The bacteria were influenced by other species in their environment through coevolution.

D. The bacteria evolved to fill different niches from other species in the environment through adaptive radiation.

9. Which of the following statements about cell engineering is correct?

A. PEG6000 is a cell fusion promoter, which can directly induce plant cell fusion.

B. Artificial seeds are prepared from protoplasts to promote germination.

C. Monoclonal antibodies can be obtained directly from myeloma cells by immunotherapy. D. The mitochondrial DNA of cloned animals is from the donor mother.

D. The mitochondrial DNA of cloned animals is from the donor mother.

10. An experiment was performed to assess the growth of two species of plants when they were grown in different pHs, given different volumes of water, and watered at different times of day over 6 weeks. Two plants were grown of each species and the average heights (in cm) are shown in the table.

10.1. What are the preferred growth conditions for Species B?

A. pH 7, 40 mL, any time of day

B. pH 10, 40 mL, 7:00 A.M.

C. pH 7, 80 mL, any time of day

D. H 10, 80 mL, 12:00 P.M.

10.2.Which of the following would most improve the statistical significance of the results?

A. Let the plants grow for a longer period of time.

B. Add more conditions to test, such as amount of light and amount of soil.

C. Test the same plants with more pHs and more volumes and times of day.

D. Increase the number of plants in each group.

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