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当下儿童承受着比过去更大的社会压力

Today’s children are living under more pressure from the society than children in the past. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

题目解读：

这篇大作文是属于教育类的题目，提问方式属于同意与否的类型，主要内容是现在的孩子比过去要承担更多的社会压力，因此论点的角度一定要紧扣来自社会的压力而不是孩子自身的压力。这个题目可以写三个主体段，每段一个论点，同意的方面写两段，不同意的方面写一个让步段。

同意：孩子们的确面临着比以前更大的压力。

原因1： 不同于以前无忧无虑的孩子，现在的学生要承受越来越大的压力，因为他们要花更多的时间使自己的学术表现更加优秀来满足家长和老师对他们更高的期望。

Unlike those carefree children in the past, today’s students tend to study under growing pressure, as they have to spend more time on excelling in their academic performance in order to meet the higher expectations of parents and teachers.

原因2： 当今的孩子被迫去掌握更多的社会技能，因为他们要全面发展才能在激烈的竞争中取得优势，然而以前的孩子会被鼓励在他们擅长的领域去培养兴趣。

Currently, children are forced to master a wider range of social skills, because they are supposed to become all-rounded so as to possess more competitive edge in the fierce competitions, while youngsters in the past were encouraged to concentrate merely on kindling their interest in their favourite fields.

不同意：孩子们没有面临比以前更大的压力。

原因：相比于过去有限的教育资源，当今社会可以为下一代提供更多的选择去追求他们的目标，这在一定的程度上缓解了他们的压力。

Compared with the limited educational resources in the past, today’s society can offer more options for the next generations to pursue their goals, resulting in the alleviation of their stress to a certain extent.

excel 突出

fierce 激烈的

all-rounded 全面发展的

academic  performance 学术表现

social skill 社交技能

competitive edge 竞争优势

concentrate on 集中精力于

kindle one’s interest 激发兴趣

pursue one’s goal 追求目标

ease stress 缓解压力

to a certain extent 在一定的程度上

补充词汇

establish themselves in society 立足社会

inferior complex 自卑感

de-motivated 失去动力的

a sense of competition  竞争意识

教师是否应该教育学生明辨是非

Some people think that teachers should be responsible for teaching students to judge what is right and wrong so that they can behave well. Others say that teachers should only teach students academic subjects. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

题目解读：

题目解读：这个题目属于教育类的话题，提问的方式为双边讨论，具体讨论的内容在于教师是应该负责教孩子如何明辨是非（思想品德教育）还是只教他们学术科目（正课）。在写作的时候需要从这两个角度回应这个题目。

正方：老师应该负责教孩子如何明辨是非。

原因1：教育的目的是使得孩子成为对社会有用的公民，对学生来说，了解知识很重要，了解获取知识的目的也很重要。知识如果使用不当的话会对社会造成危害。所以相应地教师也应该教孩子应该如何明辨是非。

It is often the case that knowledge of means can be used for a less noble end. For instance, the knowledge about marketing can be also applied in an unprincipled way, fraud. The purpose of education is to help children become active and able member of society, and for students, learning any field of knowledge or any professional endeavor should include acquiring the means and the ends of it. Therefore, teachers should shoulder the responsibility of teaching students of the values and moral codes accepted by the society.

原因2：老师有专门的教学技能，同时对对孩子的行为以及心理有专业知识，能立刻指出孩子们的不当行为并帮助他们改正。

With their teaching skills and specialized knowledge about children’s psychology and behaviours, teachers can immediately identify and correct mischiefs of students in the process of teaching and guiding.

原因3: 有相当数量的家长忙于工作，无暇照顾孩子，而老师作为教育学生的重要一环，应该承担起教育孩子明辨是非的责任。

It is not uncommon to see that many parents are immersed in their works, and under such circumstance, teachers, who are recognized as the most indispensable person of children’s education other than their parents, should take the accountability of teaching children to differentiate right from wrong.

反方：老师应该只教孩子学术科目。

原因1： 对于学术科目的教育非常重要，但是需要大量的时间，老师不一定有精力去教其它内容

While imparting students with comprehensive knowledge and practical techniques, which can help them improve their academic performance and lay a solid foundation for their future development, is acknowledged as the first priority of teachers, the teaching process can be time-consuming and demanding. In other words, if teachers are not required to teach students about morality, they can better concentrate on the teaching of academic subjects.

原因2：老师可能不一定拥有德育所需的知识和技能，甚至有的老师本身品德有问题，因而老师更需要专注于对学术科目的教学。

Teachers do not necessarily possess the skills and knowledge needed for the teaching of values and moral codes, and some teachers may even be flawed in their personality and traits, which suggests that they should be dedicated to the teaching of academic subjects.

moral codes：道德准则

specialized knowledge：专业知识

academic performance：学业表现

be dedicated to 致力于，专注于

demanding 要求高的

accountability 责任

mischief 胡闹

misconduct 坏事，不守规矩

补充词汇

take responsibility 承担责任

guidance of the teachers  老师的指导

a valuable member of any community 成为社会中有价值的成员

respect and obey the rules 尊重与遵循规则

behave selfishly 表现自私

narrow-minded views 心胸狭窄的观点

shape character 形成性格

good manners 有礼貌

role model 道德楷模

a sense of responsibility 责任感

儿童看电视的利与弊

Some people think it is all bad for children to watch TV, others believe watching TV can bring positive effects on children when they grow up. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

题目解读：

这个话题是围绕“儿童看电视的利与弊”展开的。

看电视对小孩有消极影响

原因一： 看电视上瘾的话，对学习产生消极影响。

Addiction is the main concern for those who support the view that TV programs are harmful. Cartoons, comics, entertaining shows, for example, may allure children to sacrifice precious time for studying and this can lead to poor academic performance

原因二： 某些暴力色情电视节目会对身心造成不良影响。

Inappropriate information, like violent and obscene scenes may exert tremendous negative effect on children’s way to grow as frequent exposure to such programs in a long term may cause mental distortion or illusion.

看电视对小孩有积极影响

原因一： 电视节目有教育意义且有趣。比如说纪录片丰富了小孩的背景知识

TV programs can produce beneficial effects on children in the way that they provide various way to entertain and more importantly fulfill the role to spread information. Documentary can broaden background knowledge in a fun way which classes in schools fail to achieve.

原因二：卡通、 电影、脱口秀也可以激发潜能。

Cartoons, films and talk shows can also build up new capacity and enhance existing ones since during screen time, they can, to some extent, increase their imagination as well as creativity and develop a grasp of language skills.

己方观点：需要父母监管，好处大于坏处。

Parental supervision in this case is essential as watching TV has both positive and negative effects in equal measure. Although certain drawbacks are difficult to be overlooked, merits concerning gaining information and developing skills are far more apparent.

the maximum benefits  最大的好处

self-discipline 自制力，自律

stimulate interest  激发兴趣

encourage imagination and creativity  促进想象力和创造力

entertaining  有娱乐性的

vivid pictures  生动的图片

be addicted to  对…上瘾

孩子拥有更大自由的利与弊

In many parts of the world, children have more freedom than they used to have. Is this a positive or negative development?

题目解读：

这篇大作文属于社会类的题目，提问方式属于利弊分析的一种。主要内容是讨论孩子比以往有了更多自由是积极还是消极的发展。考生在这道题中可以一边倒地认为其是消极或是积极的发展，也可以在分析利弊的基础上讨论总体来说是属于积极还是消极的发展。

正方：积极影响

理由1： 没有限制的束缚, 有利于孩子们找到自己的兴趣爱好，提高他们的创造力。

Without painful restrictions, children could explore their personal interests with their wishes, which could possibly enhance their creative skills.

理由2：给予孩子更多的自由有利于社会的快速发展。因为孩子们可以更少地受到传统习俗的束缚，接纳全球性的文化，让他们所处的社会变得更加自由和繁荣。

Giving children more freedom contributes to the rapid development of the society. This is because children nowadays are not bound by tradition which is gradually eroding away. Instead, most of them adapt to the global culture which is the amalgamation of favorable points of different cultures, making the society they are living in become opener and more prosperous.

反方：消极影响

理由1：孩子的自制力比较差，不能很合理地安排自己的时间，所以一旦他们有了更多的自由，他们很可能养成不良的习惯而不是磨练自己的能力。

A great many children are not self-disciplined enough to arrange their agenda appropriately. Therefore, once they have more freedom, they are likely to develop bad habits rather than hone some practical skills.

理由2：给予孩子太多的自由可能导致他们做出不利于他们长远发展的决定。他们的不成熟和较少的社会阅历可能会使他们看不到一些行为深远的负面结果。

With too much discretion, children are likely to make hasty decisions, which would have adverse effects on their long-run development. Their immaturity and lack of social experience would lead to their failure of seeing the far-reaching dire consequences of their choices.

discretion n. 自行选择的权力

erode       v. 削弱，消减，侵蚀

young generations 年轻一代

have adverse effects on 有不利的影响

amalgamation n. 融合

amenity n. 令人愉快的事 

rules and the norms of society 社会规则和规范

补充词汇

self-discipline 自制力，自律

be passionate about  对…很热情

obtain/ acquire/gain knowledge and skills 获取知识和技能

logical thinking  逻辑思维

大学生不选择科学类专业

的原因及影响

It has been observed that most of the students at university do not choose science to study. Why does it happen? What are the effects on society?

题目解读：

这篇大作文是教育类(学习课程)的话题，讲的是大学生不选科学专业这一现象。题目问此现象的“原因”和“影响”，属于报告类题型，我们分别回应这2个问题即可。要特别注意的是，“影响”这一问，问的是对“社会的影响”(effects on society)；如果写成了对“个人(学生)本身的影响”，那就偏题了。

分析思路：

Q1: The difficulty of science module and the lack of personal interest are the two main reasons behind this phenomenon.

原因1：很多大学生畏惧科学这门学科是因为科学太难学了。

College students who dread science are under the impression that it is difficult to learn.

展开补充：难就难在学习任务繁重和知识晦涩难懂。比如，学生可能花了很多时间做实验刷题目都没有办法取得进步。

Of all the subjects in university, science subjects are widely perceived as demanding in terms of both heavy workload and intellectual content. It is often the case that students may achieve little desirable results even when they already spend hours and hours finishing practical lab projects and preparing standard science tests.

原因2：很多不愿意学习科学的学生认定说科学太无聊了。

Most students who feel reluctant to study science assume it simply boring because of its vast size.

展开补充：而无聊的点就在于科学知识和他们所关心的日常爱好毫无关系，然而大到整个宇宙的运行，小到费米单位的计算都是科学，都是学生认为和自己生活无关的科学知识。

Everything, from a nucleus of few Fermi metres to the size of universe, lies in the field of science study. All of these mind-numbing things, however, are irrelevant to everyday interests of students. 

Q2: This trend has an adverse impact on the progress of society

社会影响1：一个直接的后果就是造成相关行业劳动力短缺的局面。

A direct impact is the shortage of labor force in science-related industries. 

展开补充：比如农业方面，研发工作没人做。没人去从事对抗害虫等农业灾害的产品研发，长期以往会引发农业产量的下降。

If this trend continues, there will not be adequate science talents for certain branches of related industries such as agriculture. This may result in the gap in research for combating pests and other farming disasters, thus leading to a steep drop in crop yields over time.

社会影响2：另一个对社会的影响是阻碍新科技成果的涌现。

Another impact on society relates to new developments of society.

科学在现代发明和进步中起着核心的作用。越来越少人学习科学意味着越来越少人才去研发新的科技以解决主要问题。比如在医学方面，研发药物去解决危及生命的重大疾病。

It is widely acknowledged that science plays a pivotal role in modern advances and new discoveries. Fewer graduates with a degree in science mean that there are fewer intellectual talents working for new research and developments to tackle pressing issues such as medical advances that will banish life-threatening diseases.

demanding 费力费时的

intellectual content 学习内容

irrelevant to everyday interests 和日常爱好毫无关系

the shortage of labor force 劳动力短缺

science-related industries 科学相关行业

a steep drop in crop yields 农作物产量的急剧下降

intellectual workers 高智商人才

medical advances 医学上的进步

life-threatening diseases 危及生命的疾病

补充词汇

work-oriented=practical=professional =occupational 实用的

inspire curiosity  激发好奇心

contribute to 对…有贡献

encourage risk taking and exploration  鼓励冒险和探索

theoretical subjects 理论课程

career-oriented training 以职业为导向的培训